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<div class="title">Running figure example </div> </div>
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<div class="contents">
<div class="textblock"><p>This example demonstrates how to draw animated bitmaps to <a href="http://www.freetronics.com/dmd">Freetronics Large Dot Matrix Displays</a>. These displays have 512 LED's arranged in a 32x16 matrix and controlled by an SPI interface. The displays are available in red, blue, green, yellow, and white variations.</p>
<p>The first step is to initialize the display:</p>
<div class="fragment"><div class="line"><span class="preprocessor">#include &lt;DMD.h&gt;</span></div>
<div class="line"></div>
<div class="line"><a class="code" href="classDMD.html">DMD</a> display;</div>
</div><!-- fragment --></p>
<p>We will also need some bitmaps to animate the running figure. We will use static bitmaps stored in program memory. The first frame of the 10-frame animation is:</p>
<div class="fragment"><div class="line">byte <span class="keyword">const</span> run1[] PROGMEM = {</div>
<div class="line"> 16, 16,</div>
<div class="line"> B00000000, B00001100,</div>
<div class="line"> B00000000, B00011110,</div>
<div class="line"> B00000111, B11111110,</div>
<div class="line"> B00001111, B11111110,</div>
<div class="line"> B00011100, B11111100,</div>
<div class="line"> B00000001, B11111100,</div>
<div class="line"> B00000001, B11110000,</div>
<div class="line"> B00000011, B11111000,</div>
<div class="line"> B00000111, B00011000,</div>
<div class="line"> B00001110, B01110000,</div>
<div class="line"> B00011100, B01100000,</div>
<div class="line"> B00111000, B00000000,</div>
<div class="line"> B01110000, B00000000,</div>
<div class="line"> B01100000, B00000000,</div>
<div class="line"> B01000000, B00000000,</div>
<div class="line"> B00000000, B00000000</div>
<div class="line">};</div>
</div><!-- fragment --></p>
<p>As can be seen, the bitmap is made up of 0's and 1's; a 1 bit indicates that the corresponding LED will be lit when it is drawn to the dot matrix display. The first two bytes are the width and height of the bitmap in pixels. In this case, the first frame is 16x16 pixels. Other frames in the animation are 18x16 and 13x16.</p>
<p>We store pointers to all of the frames in a common array:</p>
<div class="fragment"><div class="line"><a class="code" href="classBitmap.html#a2fcc98fd7580932b218134126a29ce43">Bitmap::ProgMem</a> frames[] = {</div>
<div class="line"> run1,</div>
<div class="line"> run2,</div>
<div class="line"> run3,</div>
<div class="line"> run4,</div>
<div class="line"> run5,</div>
<div class="line"> run6,</div>
<div class="line"> run7,</div>
<div class="line"> run8,</div>
<div class="line"> run9,</div>
<div class="line"> run10</div>
<div class="line">};</div>
<div class="line"><span class="preprocessor">#define NUM_FRAMES (sizeof(frames) / sizeof(frames[0]))</span></div>
<div class="line"><span class="preprocessor">unsigned int frame = 0;</span></div>
</div><!-- fragment --></p>
<p>All that remains is to run the animation loop:</p>
<div class="fragment"><div class="line"><span class="preprocessor">#define ADVANCE_MS (1000 / NUM_FRAMES)</span></div>
<div class="line"><span class="preprocessor"></span><span class="keywordtype">unsigned</span> <span class="keywordtype">long</span> lastFrame;</div>
<div class="line"></div>
<div class="line"><span class="keywordtype">void</span> setup() {</div>
<div class="line"> lastFrame = millis() - ADVANCE_MS;</div>
<div class="line">}</div>
<div class="line"></div>
<div class="line"><span class="keywordtype">void</span> loop() {</div>
<div class="line"> <span class="keywordflow">if</span> ((millis() - lastFrame) &gt;= ADVANCE_MS) {</div>
<div class="line"> display.<a class="code" href="classBitmap.html#a839dc8fab05a5ebf7a6b2e61436b2fa1">clear</a>();</div>
<div class="line"> <span class="keywordtype">int</span> x = (32 - pgm_read_byte(frames[frame])) / 2;</div>
<div class="line"> display.<a class="code" href="classBitmap.html#a491e9c0bb20ddf5a5eb4933077c8ed72">drawBitmap</a>(x, 0, frames[frame]);</div>
<div class="line"> lastFrame += ADVANCE_MS;</div>
<div class="line"> frame = (frame + 1) % NUM_FRAMES;</div>
<div class="line"> }</div>
<div class="line"> display.<a class="code" href="classDMD.html#a2c74a0845ef6080056b972d490648114">loop</a>();</div>
<div class="line">}</div>
</div><!-- fragment --></p>
<p>Each time <code>ADVANCE_MS</code> milliseconds expires, we clear the display and draw a bitmap centered on the screen. To help with the centering, we read the width value from the bitmap for the current frame (the height is always 16). We must also call <a class="el" href="classDMD.html#a2c74a0845ef6080056b972d490648114" title="Performs regular display refresh activities from the application&#39;s main loop. ">DMD::loop()</a> repeatedly from the application's main <code>loop()</code> function to ensure that the display is kept refreshed.</p>
<p>Sometimes it can be inconvenient to arrange for <a class="el" href="classDMD.html#a2c74a0845ef6080056b972d490648114" title="Performs regular display refresh activities from the application&#39;s main loop. ">DMD::loop()</a> to be called regularly. An alternative is to use Timer1 or Timer2 and <a class="el" href="classDMD.html#dmd_interrupts">interrupt-driven display refresh</a>:</p>
<div class="fragment"><div class="line"><span class="preprocessor">#define ADVANCE_MS (1000 / NUM_FRAMES)</span></div>
<div class="line"><span class="preprocessor"></span></div>
<div class="line">ISR(TIMER1_OVF_vect)</div>
<div class="line">{</div>
<div class="line"> display.<a class="code" href="classDMD.html#a9e4bf2a9d247312d35c1401ff61261c8">refresh</a>();</div>
<div class="line">}</div>
<div class="line"></div>
<div class="line"><span class="keywordtype">void</span> setup() {</div>
<div class="line"> display.<a class="code" href="classDMD.html#a4c3b04b384f3d656a9b59690836775e2">enableTimer1</a>();</div>
<div class="line">}</div>
<div class="line"></div>
<div class="line"><span class="keywordtype">void</span> loop() {</div>
<div class="line"> display.<a class="code" href="classBitmap.html#a839dc8fab05a5ebf7a6b2e61436b2fa1">clear</a>();</div>
<div class="line"> <span class="keywordtype">int</span> x = (32 - pgm_read_byte(frames[frame])) / 2;</div>
<div class="line"> display.<a class="code" href="classBitmap.html#a491e9c0bb20ddf5a5eb4933077c8ed72">drawBitmap</a>(x, 0, frames[frame]);</div>
<div class="line"> frame = (frame + 1) % NUM_FRAMES;</div>
<div class="line"></div>
<div class="line"> delay(ADVANCE_MS);</div>
<div class="line">}</div>
</div><!-- fragment --></p>
<p>In the case of Timer2, <code>TIMER2_OVF_vect</code> and <a class="el" href="classDMD.html#a5469775db7fafebca2cdbc6a6372fb97">enableTimer2()</a> would be used in place of <code>TIMER1_OVF_vect</code> and <a class="el" href="classDMD.html#a4c3b04b384f3d656a9b59690836775e2">enableTimer1()</a>.</p>
<p>The full source code for the example follows:</p>
<div class="fragment"><div class="line"><span class="comment">/*</span></div>
<div class="line"><span class="comment"> * Copyright (C) 2012 Southern Storm Software, Pty Ltd.</span></div>
<div class="line"><span class="comment"> *</span></div>
<div class="line"><span class="comment"> * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a</span></div>
<div class="line"><span class="comment"> * copy of this software and associated documentation files (the &quot;Software&quot;),</span></div>
<div class="line"><span class="comment"> * to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation</span></div>
<div class="line"><span class="comment"> * the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense,</span></div>
<div class="line"><span class="comment"> * and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the</span></div>
<div class="line"><span class="comment"> * Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:</span></div>
<div class="line"><span class="comment"> *</span></div>
<div class="line"><span class="comment"> * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included</span></div>
<div class="line"><span class="comment"> * in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.</span></div>
<div class="line"><span class="comment"> *</span></div>
<div class="line"><span class="comment"> * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED &quot;AS IS&quot;, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS</span></div>
<div class="line"><span class="comment"> * OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,</span></div>
<div class="line"><span class="comment"> * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE</span></div>
<div class="line"><span class="comment"> * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER</span></div>
<div class="line"><span class="comment"> * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING</span></div>
<div class="line"><span class="comment"> * FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER</span></div>
<div class="line"><span class="comment"> * DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.</span></div>
<div class="line"><span class="comment"> */</span></div>
<div class="line"></div>
<div class="line"><span class="preprocessor">#include &lt;DMD.h&gt;</span></div>
<div class="line"></div>
<div class="line"><a class="code" href="classDMD.html">DMD</a> display;</div>
<div class="line"></div>
<div class="line"><span class="comment">// Running stick figure pictures are loosely based on those from this tutorial:</span></div>
<div class="line"><span class="comment">// http://www.fluidanims.com/FAelite/phpBB3/viewtopic.php?f=10&amp;t=102</span></div>
<div class="line"></div>
<div class="line">byte <span class="keyword">const</span> run1[] PROGMEM = {</div>
<div class="line"> 16, 16,</div>
<div class="line"> B00000000, B00001100,</div>
<div class="line"> B00000000, B00011110,</div>
<div class="line"> B00000111, B11111110,</div>
<div class="line"> B00001111, B11111110,</div>
<div class="line"> B00011100, B11111100,</div>
<div class="line"> B00000001, B11111100,</div>
<div class="line"> B00000001, B11110000,</div>
<div class="line"> B00000011, B11111000,</div>
<div class="line"> B00000111, B00011000,</div>
<div class="line"> B00001110, B01110000,</div>
<div class="line"> B00011100, B01100000,</div>
<div class="line"> B00111000, B00000000,</div>
<div class="line"> B01110000, B00000000,</div>
<div class="line"> B01100000, B00000000,</div>
<div class="line"> B01000000, B00000000,</div>
<div class="line"> B00000000, B00000000</div>
<div class="line">};</div>
<div class="line"></div>
<div class="line">byte <span class="keyword">const</span> run2[] PROGMEM = {</div>
<div class="line"> 18, 16,</div>
<div class="line"> B00000000, B01110011, B10000000,</div>
<div class="line"> B00000000, B11111111, B10000000,</div>
<div class="line"> B00000000, B00011111, B10000000,</div>
<div class="line"> B00000000, B00111111, B11000000,</div>
<div class="line"> B00000000, B01111011, B11000000,</div>
<div class="line"> B00000000, B11110011, B10000000,</div>
<div class="line"> B00000001, B11100000, B00000000,</div>
<div class="line"> B00000011, B11100000, B00000000,</div>
<div class="line"> B00000111, B01110000, B00000000,</div>
<div class="line"> B01111110, B00111000, B00000000,</div>
<div class="line"> B11111100, B00011100, B00000000,</div>
<div class="line"> B00000000, B00001110, B00000000,</div>
<div class="line"> B00000000, B00000111, B00000000,</div>
<div class="line"> B00000000, B00000011, B10000000,</div>
<div class="line"> B00000000, B00000001, B00000000,</div>
<div class="line"> B00000000, B00000000, B00000000</div>
<div class="line">};</div>
<div class="line"></div>
<div class="line">byte <span class="keyword">const</span> run3[] PROGMEM = {</div>
<div class="line"> 18, 16,</div>
<div class="line"> B00000000, B00110000, B00000000,</div>
<div class="line"> B00000000, B01111000, B00000000,</div>
<div class="line"> B00000000, B00011111, B00000000,</div>
<div class="line"> B00000000, B00011111, B00000000,</div>
<div class="line"> B00000000, B00111111, B10000000,</div>
<div class="line"> B00000000, B01111111, B11000000,</div>
<div class="line"> B00000000, B11100011, B10000000,</div>
<div class="line"> B00000001, B11000000, B00000000,</div>
<div class="line"> B00000011, B11100000, B00000000,</div>
<div class="line"> B11111111, B01110000, B00000000,</div>
<div class="line"> B11111110, B00111000, B00000000,</div>
<div class="line"> B00000000, B00011000, B00000000,</div>
<div class="line"> B00000000, B00011100, B00000000,</div>
<div class="line"> B00000000, B00001110, B00000000,</div>
<div class="line"> B00000000, B00000100, B00000000,</div>
<div class="line"> B00000000, B00000000, B00000000</div>
<div class="line">};</div>
<div class="line"></div>
<div class="line">byte <span class="keyword">const</span> run4[] PROGMEM = {</div>
<div class="line"> 16, 16,</div>
<div class="line"> B00000001, B11100000,</div>
<div class="line"> B00000011, B11111100,</div>
<div class="line"> B00000000, B00111110,</div>
<div class="line"> B00000000, B01111110,</div>
<div class="line"> B00000000, B11111100,</div>
<div class="line"> B00000001, B10011111,</div>
<div class="line"> B00000011, B00001110,</div>
<div class="line"> B00000011, B00000000,</div>
<div class="line"> B00000011, B10000000,</div>
<div class="line"> B11111111, B10000000,</div>
<div class="line"> B11111000, B11000000,</div>
<div class="line"> B00000001, B11000000,</div>
<div class="line"> B00000011, B10000000,</div>
<div class="line"> B00000111, B00000000,</div>
<div class="line"> B00000110, B00000000,</div>
<div class="line"> B00000100, B00000000</div>
<div class="line">};</div>
<div class="line"></div>
<div class="line">byte <span class="keyword">const</span> run5[] PROGMEM = {</div>
<div class="line"> 13, 16,</div>
<div class="line"> B00000000, B00000000,</div>
<div class="line"> B00000000, B00110000,</div>
<div class="line"> B00000111, B11111000,</div>
<div class="line"> B00000111, B11111000,</div>
<div class="line"> B00000111, B11110000,</div>
<div class="line"> B00001111, B11100000,</div>
<div class="line"> B00000111, B00000000,</div>
<div class="line"> B00001111, B00000000,</div>
<div class="line"> B00001111, B00000000,</div>
<div class="line"> B00001111, B10000000,</div>
<div class="line"> B00011100, B00000000,</div>
<div class="line"> B00111000, B00000000,</div>
<div class="line"> B01110000, B00000000,</div>
<div class="line"> B11100000, B00000000,</div>
<div class="line"> B11000000, B00000000,</div>
<div class="line"> B10000000, B00000000</div>
<div class="line">};</div>
<div class="line"></div>
<div class="line">byte <span class="keyword">const</span> run6[] PROGMEM = {</div>
<div class="line"> 16, 16,</div>
<div class="line"> B00000000, B00000000,</div>
<div class="line"> B00000000, B00011100,</div>
<div class="line"> B00000000, B00111110,</div>
<div class="line"> B00000001, B11111110,</div>
<div class="line"> B00000000, B11100000,</div>
<div class="line"> B00000001, B11100000,</div>
<div class="line"> B00000001, B11111000,</div>
<div class="line"> B00000011, B00011100,</div>
<div class="line"> B00000110, B00111000,</div>
<div class="line"> B00000110, B01110000,</div>
<div class="line"> B00001100, B00100000,</div>
<div class="line"> B00111000, B00000000,</div>
<div class="line"> B01100000, B00000000,</div>
<div class="line"> B11000000, B00000000,</div>
<div class="line"> B10000000, B00000000,</div>
<div class="line"> B10000000, B00000000</div>
<div class="line">};</div>
<div class="line"></div>
<div class="line">byte <span class="keyword">const</span> run7[] PROGMEM = {</div>
<div class="line"> 18, 16,</div>
<div class="line"> B00000000, B00000011, B10000000,</div>
<div class="line"> B00000000, B01111011, B10000000,</div>
<div class="line"> B00000000, B01111111, B10000000,</div>
<div class="line"> B00000000, B00001111, B00100000,</div>
<div class="line"> B00000000, B00011001, B11000000,</div>
<div class="line"> B00000000, B00110000, B11000000,</div>
<div class="line"> B00000000, B01110000, B00000000,</div>
<div class="line"> B00000001, B11110000, B00000000,</div>
<div class="line"> B11111111, B10111000, B00000000,</div>
<div class="line"> B11111111, B00011100, B00000000,</div>
<div class="line"> B00000000, B00001110, B00000000,</div>
<div class="line"> B00000000, B00000111, B00000000,</div>
<div class="line"> B00000000, B00000011, B10000000,</div>
<div class="line"> B00000000, B00000001, B11000000,</div>
<div class="line"> B00000000, B00000000, B01000000,</div>
<div class="line"> B00000000, B00000000, B00000000</div>
<div class="line">};</div>
<div class="line"></div>
<div class="line">byte <span class="keyword">const</span> run8[] PROGMEM = {</div>
<div class="line"> 18, 16,</div>
<div class="line"> B00000000, B00000110, B00000000,</div>
<div class="line"> B00000001, B11101111, B00000000,</div>
<div class="line"> B00000001, B11111111, B00000000,</div>
<div class="line"> B00000000, B00111110, B00000000,</div>
<div class="line"> B00000000, B01111111, B11000000,</div>
<div class="line"> B00000000, B11100011, B10000000,</div>
<div class="line"> B00000001, B11000000, B00000000,</div>
<div class="line"> B00000011, B11100000, B00000000,</div>
<div class="line"> B11111111, B01110000, B00000000,</div>
<div class="line"> B11111110, B00111000, B00000000,</div>
<div class="line"> B00000000, B00011100, B00000000,</div>
<div class="line"> B00000000, B00000110, B00000000,</div>
<div class="line"> B00000000, B00000110, B00000000,</div>
<div class="line"> B00000000, B00000111, B00000000,</div>
<div class="line"> B00000000, B00000011, B00000000,</div>
<div class="line"> B00000000, B00000001, B00000000</div>
<div class="line">};</div>
<div class="line"></div>
<div class="line">byte <span class="keyword">const</span> run9[] PROGMEM = {</div>
<div class="line"> 16, 16,</div>
<div class="line"> B00000000, B00000000,</div>
<div class="line"> B00000000, B01001110,</div>
<div class="line"> B00000001, B11101110,</div>
<div class="line"> B00000011, B11111110,</div>
<div class="line"> B00000011, B11111110,</div>
<div class="line"> B00000001, B10111100,</div>
<div class="line"> B00000011, B00000000,</div>
<div class="line"> B00000111, B00000000,</div>
<div class="line"> B11111111, B10000000,</div>
<div class="line"> B11111100, B11000000,</div>
<div class="line"> B00000000, B11000000,</div>
<div class="line"> B00000000, B11000000,</div>
<div class="line"> B00000000, B11000000,</div>
<div class="line"> B00000000, B11000000,</div>
<div class="line"> B00000000, B11000000,</div>
<div class="line"> B00000000, B11000000</div>
<div class="line">};</div>
<div class="line"></div>
<div class="line">byte <span class="keyword">const</span> run10[] PROGMEM = {</div>
<div class="line"> 13, 16,</div>
<div class="line"> B00000000, B00000000,</div>
<div class="line"> B00000000, B00110000,</div>
<div class="line"> B00000000, B01111000,</div>
<div class="line"> B00000111, B11111000,</div>
<div class="line"> B00001111, B11111000,</div>
<div class="line"> B00000111, B11000000,</div>
<div class="line"> B00001110, B00000000,</div>
<div class="line"> B00001100, B00000000,</div>
<div class="line"> B00001100, B00000000,</div>
<div class="line"> B01111100, B00000000,</div>
<div class="line"> B11111100, B00000000,</div>
<div class="line"> B00011000, B00000000,</div>
<div class="line"> B00110000, B00000000,</div>
<div class="line"> B01110000, B00000000,</div>
<div class="line"> B01100000, B00000000,</div>
<div class="line"> B01000000, B00000000</div>
<div class="line">};</div>
<div class="line"></div>
<div class="line"><a class="code" href="classBitmap.html#a2fcc98fd7580932b218134126a29ce43">Bitmap::ProgMem</a> frames[] = {</div>
<div class="line"> run1,</div>
<div class="line"> run2,</div>
<div class="line"> run3,</div>
<div class="line"> run4,</div>
<div class="line"> run5,</div>
<div class="line"> run6,</div>
<div class="line"> run7,</div>
<div class="line"> run8,</div>
<div class="line"> run9,</div>
<div class="line"> run10</div>
<div class="line">};</div>
<div class="line"><span class="preprocessor">#define NUM_FRAMES (sizeof(frames) / sizeof(frames[0]))</span></div>
<div class="line"><span class="preprocessor"></span><span class="keywordtype">unsigned</span> <span class="keywordtype">int</span> frame = 0;</div>
<div class="line"></div>
<div class="line"><span class="preprocessor">#define ADVANCE_MS (1000 / NUM_FRAMES)</span></div>
<div class="line"><span class="preprocessor"></span><span class="keywordtype">unsigned</span> <span class="keywordtype">long</span> lastFrame;</div>
<div class="line"></div>
<div class="line"><span class="keywordtype">void</span> setup() {</div>
<div class="line"> lastFrame = millis() - ADVANCE_MS;</div>
<div class="line">}</div>
<div class="line"></div>
<div class="line"><span class="keywordtype">void</span> loop() {</div>
<div class="line"> <span class="keywordflow">if</span> ((millis() - lastFrame) &gt;= ADVANCE_MS) {</div>
<div class="line"> display.<a class="code" href="classBitmap.html#a839dc8fab05a5ebf7a6b2e61436b2fa1">clear</a>();</div>
<div class="line"> <span class="keywordtype">int</span> x = (32 - pgm_read_byte(frames[frame])) / 2;</div>
<div class="line"> display.<a class="code" href="classBitmap.html#a491e9c0bb20ddf5a5eb4933077c8ed72">drawBitmap</a>(x, 0, frames[frame]);</div>
<div class="line"> lastFrame += ADVANCE_MS;</div>
<div class="line"> frame = (frame + 1) % NUM_FRAMES;</div>
<div class="line"> }</div>
<div class="line"> display.<a class="code" href="classDMD.html#a2c74a0845ef6080056b972d490648114">loop</a>();</div>
<div class="line">}</div>
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