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2847 lines
77 KiB
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<title>JWTs ยท NATS</title>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.1" data-path="../">
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<a href="../">
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Introduction
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2" data-path="../whats_new/whats_new_20.html">
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What's New in 2.0
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<li class="header">Concepts</li>
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<a href="../developer/concepts/intro.html">
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What is NATS
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Subject-Based Messaging
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Publish-Subscribe
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<li class="chapter " data-level="2.4" data-path="../developer/concepts/reqreply.html">
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<a href="../developer/concepts/reqreply.html">
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Request-Reply
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</a>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="2.5" data-path="../developer/concepts/queue.html">
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<a href="../developer/concepts/queue.html">
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Queue Groups
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</a>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="2.6" data-path="../developer/concepts/acks.html">
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<a href="../developer/concepts/acks.html">
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Acknowledgements
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="2.7" data-path="../developer/concepts/seq_num.html">
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<a href="../developer/concepts/seq_num.html">
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Sequence Numbers
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="header">Developing With NATS</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="3.1" data-path="../developer/">
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<a href="../developer/">
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Introduction
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="3.2" data-path="../developer/connecting/intro.html">
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<a href="../developer/connecting/intro.html">
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Connecting
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</a>
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<ul class="articles">
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<li class="chapter " data-level="3.2.1" data-path="../developer/connecting/default_server.html">
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<a href="../developer/connecting/default_server.html">
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Connecting to the Default Server
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="3.2.2" data-path="../developer/connecting/specific_server.html">
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<a href="../developer/connecting/specific_server.html">
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Connecting to a Specific Server
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="3.2.3" data-path="../developer/connecting/cluster.html">
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<a href="../developer/connecting/cluster.html">
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Connecting to a Cluster
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="3.2.4" data-path="../developer/connecting/connect_timeout.html">
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<a href="../developer/connecting/connect_timeout.html">
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Setting a Connect Timeout
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="3.2.5" data-path="../developer/connecting/pingpong.html">
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<a href="../developer/connecting/pingpong.html">
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Ping/Pong Protocol
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="3.2.6" data-path="../developer/connecting/protocol.html">
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<a href="../developer/connecting/protocol.html">
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Controlling the Client/Server Protocol
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="3.2.7" data-path="../developer/connecting/noecho.html">
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<a href="../developer/connecting/noecho.html">
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Turning Off Echo'd Messages
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</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="3.3" data-path="../developer/reconnect/intro.html">
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<a href="../developer/reconnect/intro.html">
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Automatic Reconnections
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</a>
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<ul class="articles">
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<li class="chapter " data-level="3.3.1" data-path="../developer/reconnect/disable.html">
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<a href="../developer/reconnect/disable.html">
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Disabling Reconnect
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="3.3.2" data-path="../developer/reconnect/max.html">
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<a href="../developer/reconnect/max.html">
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Set the Number of Reconnect Attempts
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="3.3.3" data-path="../developer/reconnect/wait.html">
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<a href="../developer/reconnect/wait.html">
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Pausing Between Reconnect Attempts
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="3.3.4" data-path="../developer/reconnect/random.html">
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<a href="../developer/reconnect/random.html">
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Avoiding the Thundering Herd
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="3.3.5" data-path="../developer/reconnect/events.html">
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<a href="../developer/reconnect/events.html">
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Listening for Reconnect Events
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="3.3.6" data-path="../developer/reconnect/buffer.html">
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<a href="../developer/reconnect/buffer.html">
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Buffering Messages During Reconnect Attempts
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</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="3.4" data-path="../developer/security/intro.html">
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<a href="../developer/security/intro.html">
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Securing Connections
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</a>
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<ul class="articles">
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<li class="chapter " data-level="3.4.1" data-path="../developer/security/userpass.html">
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<a href="../developer/security/userpass.html">
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Authenticating with a User and Password
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="3.4.2" data-path="../developer/security/token.html">
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<a href="../developer/security/token.html">
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Authenticating with a Token
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="3.4.3" data-path="../developer/security/nkey.html">
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<a href="../developer/security/nkey.html">
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Authenticating with an NKey
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="3.4.4" data-path="../developer/security/creds.html">
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<a href="../developer/security/creds.html">
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Authenticating with a Credentials File
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="3.4.5" data-path="../developer/security/tls.html">
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<a href="../developer/security/tls.html">
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Encrypting Connections with TLS
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</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="3.5" data-path="../developer/receiving/intro.html">
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<a href="../developer/receiving/intro.html">
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Receiving Messages
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</a>
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<ul class="articles">
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<li class="chapter " data-level="3.5.1" data-path="../developer/receiving/sync.html">
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<a href="../developer/receiving/sync.html">
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Synchronous Subscriptions
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="3.5.2" data-path="../developer/receiving/async.html">
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<a href="../developer/receiving/async.html">
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Asynchronous Subscriptions
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="3.5.3" data-path="../developer/receiving/unsubscribing.html">
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<a href="../developer/receiving/unsubscribing.html">
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Unsubscribing
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="3.5.4" data-path="../developer/receiving/unsub_after.html">
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<a href="../developer/receiving/unsub_after.html">
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Unsubscribing After N Messages
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="3.5.5" data-path="../developer/receiving/reply.html">
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<a href="../developer/receiving/reply.html">
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Replying to a Message
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="3.5.6" data-path="../developer/receiving/wildcards.html">
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<a href="../developer/receiving/wildcards.html">
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Wildcard Subscriptions
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="3.5.7" data-path="../developer/receiving/queues.html">
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<a href="../developer/receiving/queues.html">
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Queue Subscriptions
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="3.5.8" data-path="../developer/receiving/drain.html">
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<a href="../developer/receiving/drain.html">
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Draining Messages Before Disconnect
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="3.5.9" data-path="../developer/receiving/structure.html">
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<a href="../developer/receiving/structure.html">
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Structured Data
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</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="3.6" data-path="../developer/sending/intro.html">
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<a href="../developer/sending/intro.html">
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Sending Messages
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</a>
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<ul class="articles">
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<li class="chapter " data-level="3.6.1" data-path="../developer/sending/replyto.html">
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<a href="../developer/sending/replyto.html">
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Including a Reply Subject
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="3.6.2" data-path="../developer/sending/request_reply.html">
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<a href="../developer/sending/request_reply.html">
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Request-Reply Semantics
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="3.6.3" data-path="../developer/sending/caches.html">
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<a href="../developer/sending/caches.html">
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Caches, Flush and Ping
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="3.6.4" data-path="../developer/sending/structure.html">
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<a href="../developer/sending/structure.html">
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Sending Structured Data
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</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="3.7" data-path="../developer/events/intro.html">
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<a href="../developer/events/intro.html">
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Monitoring the Connection
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</a>
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<ul class="articles">
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<li class="chapter " data-level="3.7.1" data-path="../developer/events/events.html">
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<a href="../developer/events/events.html">
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Listen for Connection Events
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="3.7.2" data-path="../developer/events/slow.html">
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<a href="../developer/events/slow.html">
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Slow Consumers
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</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="3.8" data-path="../developer/tutorials/intro.html">
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<a href="../developer/tutorials/intro.html">
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Tutorials
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</a>
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<ul class="articles">
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<li class="chapter " data-level="3.8.1" data-path="../developer/tutorials/pubsub.html">
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<a href="../developer/tutorials/pubsub.html">
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Explore NATS Pub/Sub
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="3.8.2" data-path="../developer/tutorials/reqreply.html">
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<a href="../developer/tutorials/reqreply.html">
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Explore NATS Request/Reply
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="3.8.3" data-path="../developer/tutorials/queues.html">
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<a href="../developer/tutorials/queues.html">
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Explore NATS Queueing
|
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</a>
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</li>
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|
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.8.4" data-path="../developer/tutorials/custom_dialer.html">
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<a href="../developer/tutorials/custom_dialer.html">
|
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|
|
Advanced Connect and Custom Dialer in Go
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</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li class="header">NATS Server</li>
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|
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.1" data-path="installation.html">
|
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|
<a href="installation.html">
|
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|
|
Installing
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="4.2" data-path="running.html">
|
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|
<a href="running.html">
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|
Running
|
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</a>
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<ul class="articles">
|
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|
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.2.1" data-path="windows_srv.html">
|
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|
<a href="windows_srv.html">
|
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|
Window Service
|
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</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="4.3" data-path="clients.html">
|
|
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|
<a href="clients.html">
|
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|
|
Clients
|
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</a>
|
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</li>
|
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<li class="chapter " data-level="4.4" data-path="flags.html">
|
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|
<a href="flags.html">
|
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|
|
Flags
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
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|
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|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.5" data-path="configuration.html">
|
|
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|
<a href="configuration.html">
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|
|
Configuration
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
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|
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|
|
<ul class="articles">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.5.1" data-path="securing_nats.html">
|
|
|
|
<a href="securing_nats.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
Securing NATS
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
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<ul class="articles">
|
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|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.5.1.1" data-path="tls.html">
|
|
|
|
<a href="tls.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
Enabling TLS
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.5.1.2" data-path="auth_intro.html">
|
|
|
|
<a href="auth_intro.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
Authentication
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
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|
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|
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|
|
<ul class="articles">
|
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|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.5.1.2.1" data-path="tokens.html">
|
|
|
|
<a href="tokens.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
Tokens
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
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</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.5.1.2.2" data-path="username_password.html">
|
|
|
|
<a href="username_password.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
Username/Password
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.5.1.2.3" data-path="tls_mutual_auth.html">
|
|
|
|
<a href="tls_mutual_auth.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
TLS Authentication
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.5.1.2.4" data-path="nkey_auth.html">
|
|
|
|
<a href="nkey_auth.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
NKeys
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.5.1.2.5" data-path="accounts.html">
|
|
|
|
<a href="accounts.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
Accounts
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter active" data-level="4.5.1.2.6" data-path="jwt_auth.html">
|
|
|
|
<a href="jwt_auth.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
JWTs
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.5.1.2.7" data-path="auth_timeout.html">
|
|
|
|
<a href="auth_timeout.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
Authentication Timeout
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</ul>
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.5.1.3" data-path="authorization.html">
|
|
|
|
<a href="authorization.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
Authorization
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</ul>
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.5.2" data-path="clustering.html">
|
|
|
|
<a href="clustering.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
Clustering
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<ul class="articles">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.5.2.1" data-path="cluster_config.html">
|
|
|
|
<a href="cluster_config.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
Configuration
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.5.2.2" data-path="cluster_tls.html">
|
|
|
|
<a href="cluster_tls.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
TLS Authentication
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</ul>
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.5.3" data-path="../gateways/">
|
|
|
|
<a href="../gateways/">
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gateways
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<ul class="articles">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.5.3.1" data-path="../gateways/gateway.html">
|
|
|
|
<a href="../gateways/gateway.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
Configuration
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</ul>
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.5.4" data-path="../leafnodes/">
|
|
|
|
<a href="../leafnodes/">
|
|
|
|
|
|
Leaf Nodes
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<ul class="articles">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.5.4.1" data-path="../leafnodes/leafnode_conf.html">
|
|
|
|
<a href="../leafnodes/leafnode_conf.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
Configuration
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</ul>
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.5.5" data-path="logging.html">
|
|
|
|
<a href="logging.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
Logging
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.5.6" data-path="monitoring.html">
|
|
|
|
<a href="monitoring.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
Monitoring
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</ul>
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.6" data-path="../nats_admin/">
|
|
|
|
<a href="../nats_admin/">
|
|
|
|
|
|
Managing A NATS Server
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<ul class="articles">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.6.1" data-path="../nats_admin/upgrading_cluster.html">
|
|
|
|
<a href="../nats_admin/upgrading_cluster.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
Upgrading a Cluster
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.6.2" data-path="../nats_admin/slow_consumers.html">
|
|
|
|
<a href="../nats_admin/slow_consumers.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
Slow Consumers
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.6.3" data-path="../nats_admin/signals.html">
|
|
|
|
<a href="../nats_admin/signals.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
Signals
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.6.4" data-path="../sys_accounts/">
|
|
|
|
<a href="../sys_accounts/">
|
|
|
|
|
|
System Accounts
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<ul class="articles">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.6.4.1" data-path="../sys_accounts/sys_accounts.html">
|
|
|
|
<a href="../sys_accounts/sys_accounts.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
Configuration
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</ul>
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</ul>
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.7" data-path="../nats_docker/">
|
|
|
|
<a href="../nats_docker/">
|
|
|
|
|
|
NATS and Docker
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<ul class="articles">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.7.1" data-path="../nats_docker/tutorial.html">
|
|
|
|
<a href="../nats_docker/tutorial.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
Tutorial
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.7.2" data-path="../nats_docker/docker_swarm.html">
|
|
|
|
<a href="../nats_docker/docker_swarm.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
Docker Swarm
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</ul>
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li class="header">NATS Tools</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.1" data-path="../nats_tools/mkpasswd.html">
|
|
|
|
<a href="../nats_tools/mkpasswd.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
mkpasswd
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.2" data-path="../nats_tools/nk.html">
|
|
|
|
<a href="../nats_tools/nk.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
nk
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.3" data-path="../nats_tools/nsc/">
|
|
|
|
<a href="../nats_tools/nsc/">
|
|
|
|
|
|
nsc
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<ul class="articles">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.3.1" data-path="../nats_tools/nsc/nsc.html">
|
|
|
|
<a href="../nats_tools/nsc/nsc.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
Basics
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.3.2" data-path="../nats_tools/nsc/streams.html">
|
|
|
|
<a href="../nats_tools/nsc/streams.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
Streams
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.3.3" data-path="../nats_tools/nsc/services.html">
|
|
|
|
<a href="../nats_tools/nsc/services.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
Services
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.3.4" data-path="../nats_tools/nsc/signing_keys.html">
|
|
|
|
<a href="../nats_tools/nsc/signing_keys.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
Signing Keys
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</ul>
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.4" data-path="../nats_tools/nas/">
|
|
|
|
<a href="../nats_tools/nas/">
|
|
|
|
|
|
nats-account-server
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<ul class="articles">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.4.1" data-path="../nats_tools/nas/nas_conf.html">
|
|
|
|
<a href="../nats_tools/nas/nas_conf.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
Basics
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.4.2" data-path="../nats_tools/nas/inspecting_jwts.html">
|
|
|
|
<a href="../nats_tools/nas/inspecting_jwts.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
Inspecting JWTs
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.4.3" data-path="../nats_tools/nas/mem_resolver.html">
|
|
|
|
<a href="../nats_tools/nas/mem_resolver.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
Memory Resolver
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</ul>
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
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<li class="chapter " data-level="5.5" data-path="../nats_tools/nats_top/">
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<a href="../nats_tools/nats_top/">
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nats-top
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</a>
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<ul class="articles">
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<li class="chapter " data-level="5.5.1" data-path="../nats_tools/nats_top/tutorial.html">
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<a href="../nats_tools/nats_top/tutorial.html">
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Tutorial
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</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="5.6" data-path="../nats_tools/natsbench.html">
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<a href="../nats_tools/natsbench.html">
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nats-bench
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="header">NATS Streaming Concepts</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="6.1" data-path="../nats_streaming/intro.html">
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<a href="../nats_streaming/intro.html">
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Introduction
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</a>
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<ul class="articles">
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<li class="chapter " data-level="6.1.1" data-path="../nats_streaming/relation-to-nats.html">
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<a href="../nats_streaming/relation-to-nats.html">
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Relation to NATS
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</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="6.2" data-path="../nats_streaming/client-connections.html">
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<a href="../nats_streaming/client-connections.html">
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Client Connections
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="6.3" data-path="../nats_streaming/channels/channels.html">
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<a href="../nats_streaming/channels/channels.html">
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Channels
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</a>
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<ul class="articles">
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<li class="chapter " data-level="6.3.1" data-path="../nats_streaming/channels/message-log.html">
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<a href="../nats_streaming/channels/message-log.html">
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Message Log
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="6.3.2" data-path="../nats_streaming/channels/subscriptions/subscriptions.html">
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<a href="../nats_streaming/channels/subscriptions/subscriptions.html">
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Subscriptions
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</a>
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<ul class="articles">
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<li class="chapter " data-level="6.3.2.1" data-path="../nats_streaming/channels/subscriptions/regular.html">
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<a href="../nats_streaming/channels/subscriptions/regular.html">
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Regular
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="6.3.2.2" data-path="../nats_streaming/channels/subscriptions/durable.html">
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<a href="../nats_streaming/channels/subscriptions/durable.html">
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Durable
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="6.3.2.3" data-path="../nats_streaming/channels/subscriptions/queue-group.html">
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<a href="../nats_streaming/channels/subscriptions/queue-group.html">
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Queue Group
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="6.3.2.4" data-path="../nats_streaming/channels/subscriptions/redelivery.html">
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<a href="../nats_streaming/channels/subscriptions/redelivery.html">
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Redelivery
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</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="6.4" data-path="../nats_streaming/store-interface.html">
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<a href="../nats_streaming/store-interface.html">
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Store Interface
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="6.5" data-path="../nats_streaming/store-encryption.html">
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<a href="../nats_streaming/store-encryption.html">
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Store Encryption
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="6.6" data-path="../nats_streaming/clustering/clustering.html">
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<a href="../nats_streaming/clustering/clustering.html">
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Clustering
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</a>
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<ul class="articles">
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<li class="chapter " data-level="6.6.1" data-path="../nats_streaming/clustering/supported-stores.html">
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<a href="../nats_streaming/clustering/supported-stores.html">
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Supported Stores
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="6.6.2" data-path="../nats_streaming/clustering/configuration.html">
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<a href="../nats_streaming/clustering/configuration.html">
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Configuration
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="6.6.3" data-path="../nats_streaming/clustering/auto-configuration.html">
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<a href="../nats_streaming/clustering/auto-configuration.html">
|
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Auto Configuration
|
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="6.6.4" data-path="../nats_streaming/clustering/containers.html">
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<a href="../nats_streaming/clustering/containers.html">
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Containers
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</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="6.7" data-path="../nats_streaming/fault-tolerance/ft.html">
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<a href="../nats_streaming/fault-tolerance/ft.html">
|
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Fault Tolerance
|
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</a>
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<ul class="articles">
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<li class="chapter " data-level="6.7.1" data-path="../nats_streaming/fault-tolerance/active-server.html">
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<a href="../nats_streaming/fault-tolerance/active-server.html">
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Active Server
|
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="6.7.2" data-path="../nats_streaming/fault-tolerance/standby-server.html">
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<a href="../nats_streaming/fault-tolerance/standby-server.html">
|
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Standby Servers
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="6.7.3" data-path="../nats_streaming/fault-tolerance/shared-state.html">
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<a href="../nats_streaming/fault-tolerance/shared-state.html">
|
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Shared State
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="6.7.4" data-path="../nats_streaming/fault-tolerance/failover.html">
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<a href="../nats_streaming/fault-tolerance/failover.html">
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Failover
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</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="6.8" data-path="../nats_streaming/partitioning.html">
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<a href="../nats_streaming/partitioning.html">
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Partitioning
|
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="header">Developing With NATS Streaming</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="7.1" data-path="../developer/streaming/">
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<a href="../developer/streaming/">
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Introduction
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="7.2" data-path="../developer/streaming/connecting.html">
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<a href="../developer/streaming/connecting.html">
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Connecting to NATS Streaming
|
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="7.3" data-path="../developer/streaming/publishing.html">
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<a href="../developer/streaming/publishing.html">
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Publishing to a Channel
|
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="7.4" data-path="../developer/streaming/receiving.html">
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<a href="../developer/streaming/receiving.html">
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Receiving Messages from a Channel
|
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="7.5" data-path="../developer/streaming/durables.html">
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<a href="../developer/streaming/durables.html">
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Durable Subscriptions
|
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="7.6" data-path="../developer/streaming/queues.html">
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<a href="../developer/streaming/queues.html">
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Queue Subscriptions
|
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="7.7" data-path="../developer/streaming/acks.html">
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<a href="../developer/streaming/acks.html">
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Acknowledgements
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="7.8" data-path="../developer/streaming/protocol.html">
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<a href="../developer/streaming/protocol.html">
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The Streaming Protocol
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="header">NATS Streaming Server</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="8.1" data-path="../nats_streaming/gettingstarted/install.html">
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<a href="../nats_streaming/gettingstarted/install.html">
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Installing
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="8.2" data-path="../nats_streaming/gettingstarted/run.html">
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<a href="../nats_streaming/gettingstarted/run.html">
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Running
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="8.3" data-path="../nats_streaming/gettingstarted/configuring.html">
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<a href="../nats_streaming/gettingstarted/configuring.html">
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Configuring
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="8.4" data-path="../nats_streaming/gettingstarted/tls.html">
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<a href="../nats_streaming/gettingstarted/tls.html">
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Securing
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="8.5" data-path="../nats_streaming/gettingstarted/process-signaling.html">
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<a href="../nats_streaming/gettingstarted/process-signaling.html">
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Process Signaling
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="8.6" data-path="../nats_streaming/gettingstarted/windows-service.html">
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<a href="../nats_streaming/gettingstarted/windows-service.html">
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Windows Service
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="8.7" data-path="../developer/streaming/embedding.html">
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<a href="../developer/streaming/embedding.html">
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Embedding NATS Streaming Server
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="8.8" data-path="../nats_streaming/swarm.html">
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<a href="../nats_streaming/swarm.html">
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Docker Swarm
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="8.9" data-path="../nats_streaming/monitoring/monitoring.html">
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<a href="../nats_streaming/monitoring/monitoring.html">
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Monitoring
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</a>
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<ul class="articles">
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<li class="chapter " data-level="8.9.1" data-path="../nats_streaming/monitoring/enabling.html">
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<a href="../nats_streaming/monitoring/enabling.html">
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Enabling
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="8.9.2" data-path="../nats_streaming/monitoring/endpoints.html">
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<a href="../nats_streaming/monitoring/endpoints.html">
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Endpoints
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</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li class="header">NATS Protocol</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="9.1" data-path="../nats_protocol/nats-protocol-demo.html">
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<a href="../nats_protocol/nats-protocol-demo.html">
|
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Protocol Demo
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="9.2" data-path="../nats_protocol/nats-protocol.html">
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<a href="../nats_protocol/nats-protocol.html">
|
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Client Protocol
|
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</a>
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<ul class="articles">
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<li class="chapter " data-level="9.2.1" data-path="../nats_protocol/nats-client-dev.html">
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<a href="../nats_protocol/nats-client-dev.html">
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Developing a Client
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</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="9.3" data-path="../nats_protocol/nats-server-protocol.html">
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<a href="../nats_protocol/nats-server-protocol.html">
|
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NATS Cluster Protocol
|
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="divider"></li>
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<li>
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<a href="https://www.gitbook.com" target="blank" class="gitbook-link">
|
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Published with GitBook
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</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</nav>
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</div>
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<div class="book-body">
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<h2 id="accounts"><a name="accounts" class="plugin-anchor" href="#accounts"><i class="fa fa-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a>Accounts</h2>
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<p><em>Accounts</em> expand on <a href="accounts.html">Accounts</a> and <a href="nkey_auth.html">NKeys</a> authentication foundation to create a decentralized authentication and authorization model.</p>
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<p>With other authentication mechanisms, configuration for identifying a user or an account is in the server configuration file. JWT authentication leverages <a href="https://jwt.io/" target="_blank">JSON Web Tokens (JWT)</a> to describe the various entities supported. When a client connects, servers query for account JWTs and validate a trust chain. Users are not directly tracked by the server, but rather verified as belonging to an account. This enables the management of users without requiring server configuration updates.</p>
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<p>Effectively, accounts provide for a distributed configuration paradigm. Previously each user (or client) needed to be known and authorized a priori in the server’s configuration requiring an administrator to modify and update server configurations. Accounts eliminate these chores.</p>
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<h3 id="json-web-tokens"><a name="json-web-tokens" class="plugin-anchor" href="#json-web-tokens"><i class="fa fa-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a>JSON Web Tokens</h3>
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<p><a href="https://jwt.io/" target="_blank">JSON Web Tokens (JWT)</a> are an open and industry standard <a href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7519" target="_blank">RFC7519</a> method for representing claims securely between two parties.</p>
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<p>Claims are a fancy way of asserting information on a <em>subject</em>. In this context, a <em>subject</em> is the entity being described (not a messaging subject). Standard JWT claims are typically digitally signed and verified.</p>
|
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<p>NATS further restricts JWTs by requiring that JWTs be:</p>
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<ul>
|
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<li>Digitally signed <em>always</em> and only using <a href="https://ed25519.cr.yp.to/" target="_blank">Ed25519</a>. </li>
|
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<li>NATS adopts the convention that all <em>Issuer</em> and <em>Subject</em> fields in a JWT claim must be a public <a href="nkey_auth.html">NKEY</a>. </li>
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<li><em>Issuer</em> and <em>Subject</em> must match specific roles depending on the claim <a href="https://github.com/nats-io/nkeys" target="_blank">NKeys</a>.</li>
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</ul>
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<h4 id="nkey-roles"><a name="nkey-roles" class="plugin-anchor" href="#nkey-roles"><i class="fa fa-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a>NKey Roles</h4>
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<p>NKey Roles are:</p>
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<ul>
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<li>Operators</li>
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<li>Accounts</li>
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<li>Users</li>
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</ul>
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<p>Roles are hierarchical and form a chain of trust. Operators issue Accounts which in turn issue Users. Servers trust specific Operators. If an account is issued by an operator that is trusted, account users are trusted.</p>
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<h3 id="the-authentication-process"><a name="the-authentication-process" class="plugin-anchor" href="#the-authentication-process"><i class="fa fa-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a>The Authentication Process</h3>
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<p>When a <em>User</em> connects to a server, it presents a JWT issued by its <em>Account</em>. The user proves its identity by signing a server-issued cryptographic challenge with its private key. The signature verification validates that the signature is attributable to the user's public key. Next, the server retrieves the associated account JWT that issued the user. It verifies the <em>User</em> issuer matches the referenced account. Finally, the server checks that a trusted <em>Operator</em> issued the <em>Account</em>, completing the trust chain verification. </p>
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<h3 id="the-authorization-process"><a name="the-authorization-process" class="plugin-anchor" href="#the-authorization-process"><i class="fa fa-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a>The Authorization Process</h3>
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<p>From an authorization point of view, the account provides information on messaging subjects that are imported from other accounts (including any ancillary related authorization) as well as messaging subjects exported to other accounts. Accounts can also bear limits, such as the maximum number of connections they may have. A user JWT can express restrictions on the messaging subjects to which it can publish or subscribe.</p>
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<p>When a new user is added to an account, the account configuration need not change, as each user can and should have its own user JWT that can be verified by simply resolving its parent account.</p>
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<h3 id="jwts-and-privacy"><a name="jwts-and-privacy" class="plugin-anchor" href="#jwts-and-privacy"><i class="fa fa-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a>JWTs and Privacy</h3>
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<p>One crucial detail to keep in mind is that while in other systems JWTs are used as sessions or proof of authentication, NATS JWTs are only used as configuration describing:</p>
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<ul>
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<li>the public ID of the entity</li>
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<li>the public ID of the entity that issued it</li>
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<li>capabilities of the entity</li>
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</ul>
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<p>Authentication is a public key cryptographic process — a client signs a nonce proving identity while the trust chain and configuration provides the authorization.</p>
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<p>The server is never aware of private keys but can verify that a signer or issuer indeed matches a specified or known public key.</p>
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<p>Lastly, all NATS JWTs (Operators, Accounts, Users and others) are expected to be signed using the <a href="https://ed25519.cr.yp.to/" target="_blank">Ed25519</a> algorithm. If they are not, they are rejected by the system.</p>
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<h3 id="sharing-between-accounts"><a name="sharing-between-accounts" class="plugin-anchor" href="#sharing-between-accounts"><i class="fa fa-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a>Sharing Between Accounts</h3>
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<p>While accounts provide isolation, there are many cases where you want to be able to consume messages produced by one account in another. There are two kinds of shares an account can <em>export</em>:</p>
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<ul>
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<li>Streams</li>
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<li>Services</li>
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</ul>
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<p>Streams are messages published by a foreign account; Subscribers in an <em>importing</em> account can receive messages from a stream <em>exported</em> by another.</p>
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<p>Services are endpoints exported by a foreign account; Requesters <em>importing</em> the service can publish requests to the <em>exported</em> endpoint. </p>
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<p>Streams and Services can be public; Public exports can be imported by any account. Or they can be private. Private streams and services require an authorization token from the exporting account that authorizes the foreign account to import the stream or service.</p>
|
|
<p>An importing account can remap the subject where a stream subscriber will receive messages or where a service requestor can make requests. This enables the importing account to simplify their subject space.</p>
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<p>Exports and imports from an account are explicit, and they are visible in the account's JWT. For private exports, the import will embed an authorization token or a URL storing the token. Imports and exports make it easy to audit where data is coming from or going to.</p>
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<h3 id="configuration"><a name="configuration" class="plugin-anchor" href="#configuration"><i class="fa fa-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a>Configuration</h3>
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<p>Entity JWT configuration is done using the <a href="../nats_tools/nsc/"><code>nsc</code> tool</a>. The basic steps include:</p>
|
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<ul>
|
|
<li><a href="../nats_tools/nsc/nsc.html#creating-an-operator">Creation of an operator JWT</a></li>
|
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<li><a href="../nats_tools/nsc/nsc.html#account-server-configuration">Configuring an Account Server</a></li>
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<li><a href="../nats_tools/nsc/nsc.html#nats-server-configuration">Setting up the NATS server to resolve Accounts</a></li>
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</ul>
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<p>After that, <code>nsc</code> is used to create and edit accounts and users.</p>
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.tab:checked:nth-of-type(6)~.tab__content:nth-of-type(6) {
|
|
opacity: 1;
|
|
transition: 0.5s opacity ease-in, 0.8s -webkit-transform ease;
|
|
transition: 0.5s opacity ease-in, 0.8s transform ease;
|
|
transition: 0.5s opacity ease-in, 0.8s transform ease, 0.8s -webkit-transform ease;
|
|
position: relative;
|
|
top: 0;
|
|
z-index: 100;
|
|
-webkit-transform: translateY(0px);
|
|
transform: translateY(0px);
|
|
text-shadow: 0 0 0;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
.tab:checked:nth-of-type(7)~.tab__content:nth-of-type(7) {
|
|
opacity: 1;
|
|
transition: 0.5s opacity ease-in, 0.8s -webkit-transform ease;
|
|
transition: 0.5s opacity ease-in, 0.8s transform ease;
|
|
transition: 0.5s opacity ease-in, 0.8s transform ease, 0.8s -webkit-transform ease;
|
|
position: relative;
|
|
top: 0;
|
|
z-index: 100;
|
|
-webkit-transform: translateY(0px);
|
|
transform: translateY(0px);
|
|
text-shadow: 0 0 0;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
.tab:checked:nth-of-type(8)~.tab__content:nth-of-type(8) {
|
|
opacity: 1;
|
|
transition: 0.5s opacity ease-in, 0.8s -webkit-transform ease;
|
|
transition: 0.5s opacity ease-in, 0.8s transform ease;
|
|
transition: 0.5s opacity ease-in, 0.8s transform ease, 0.8s -webkit-transform ease;
|
|
position: relative;
|
|
top: 0;
|
|
z-index: 100;
|
|
-webkit-transform: translateY(0px);
|
|
transform: translateY(0px);
|
|
text-shadow: 0 0 0;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
.tab:first-of-type:not(:last-of-type)+label {
|
|
border-top-right-radius: 0;
|
|
border-bottom-right-radius: 0;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
.tab:not(:first-of-type):not(:last-of-type)+label {
|
|
border-radius: 0;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
.tab:last-of-type:not(:first-of-type)+label {
|
|
border-top-left-radius: 0;
|
|
border-bottom-left-radius: 0;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
.tab:checked+label {
|
|
background-color: #fff;
|
|
box-shadow: 0 -1px 0 #fff inset;
|
|
cursor: default;
|
|
font-weight: bold;
|
|
border: 1px solid #ddd;
|
|
border-bottom-color: transparent;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
.tab:checked+label:hover {
|
|
box-shadow: 0 -1px 0 #fff inset;
|
|
background-color: #fff;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
.tab+label {
|
|
box-shadow: 0 -1px 0 #eee inset;
|
|
border-radius: 6px 6px 0 0;
|
|
cursor: pointer;
|
|
display: block;
|
|
text-decoration: none;
|
|
color: #27aae1;
|
|
flex-grow: 3;
|
|
text-align: center;
|
|
-webkit-user-select: none;
|
|
-moz-user-select: none;
|
|
-ms-user-select: none;
|
|
user-select: none;
|
|
text-align: center;
|
|
transition: 0.3s background-color ease, 0.3s box-shadow ease;
|
|
height: 50px;
|
|
box-sizing: border-box;
|
|
padding: 15px;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
.tab+label:hover {
|
|
background-color: #f9f9f9;
|
|
box-shadow: 0 1px 0 #f4f4f4 inset;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
.tab__content {
|
|
padding: 2px 2px;
|
|
background-color: transparent;
|
|
position: absolute;
|
|
width: 100%;
|
|
z-index: -1;
|
|
opacity: 0;
|
|
left: 0;
|
|
-webkit-transform: translateY(-3px);
|
|
transform: translateY(-3px);
|
|
border-radius: 6px;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
.tab__content pre {
|
|
margin-bottom: 0px !important;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
.toolbar-icons {
|
|
display: inline-block;
|
|
position: relative;
|
|
padding-left: 4px;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
a.toolbar-icons {
|
|
text-decoration: none;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
.toolbar-icons .mdi {
|
|
color: #4183c4;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
.copy-msg {
|
|
color: #4183c4;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
.pull-right {
|
|
float: right !important;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
.pull-left {
|
|
float: left !important;
|
|
}
|
|
</style>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<script src="../gitbook/gitbook.js"></script>
|
|
<script src="../gitbook/theme.js"></script>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<script src="../gitbook/gitbook-plugin-toggle-chapters/toggle.js"></script>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<script src="../gitbook/gitbook-plugin-search/search-engine.js"></script>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<script src="../gitbook/gitbook-plugin-search/search.js"></script>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<script src="../gitbook/gitbook-plugin-lunr/lunr.min.js"></script>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<script src="../gitbook/gitbook-plugin-lunr/search-lunr.js"></script>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<script src="../gitbook/gitbook-plugin-fontsettings/fontsettings.js"></script>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</body>
|
|
</html>
|
|
|