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NATS Server
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Clients
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Developing with NATS
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Connecting
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<!-- Title -->
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<h1>
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<a href=".." >Developing with NATS</a>
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</h1>
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<section class="normal markdown-section">
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<h1 id="nats-messaging-concepts">NATS Messaging Concepts</h1>
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<p>NATS messaging involves the electronic exchange of data among computer applications and provides a layer between the application and the underlying physical network. Application data is encoded as a message and sent by a publisher. The message is received, decoded, and processed by one or more subscribers. A subscriber can process a NATS message synchronously or asynchronously, depending on the client library used. </p>
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<h2 id="asynchronous">Asynchronous</h2>
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<p>Asynchronous processing uses a callback message handler to process messages. When a message arrives, the registered callback handler receives control to process the message. The client or the consuming application is not blocked from performing other work while it is waiting for a message. Asynchronous processing lets you create multi-threaded dispatching designs.</p>
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<h2 id="synchronous">Synchronous</h2>
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<p>Synchronous processing requires that application code explicitly call a method to process an incoming message. Typically the message request is a blocking call that suspends processing until a message becomes available and if no message is available, the period for which the message processing call blocks, would be set by the client. Synchronous processing is typically used by a server whose purpose is to wait for and process incoming request messages and to send replies to the requesting application.</p>
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<div class="graphviz"><code data-viz="dot">
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graph nats {
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graph [splines=ortho, nodesep=1];
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publisher [shape="record", label="{Application 1 | NATS Publisher}"];
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application [shape="record", label="{Application 3 | }"];
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gnatsd [shape="box", label="", width=4, height=0, penwidth=1];
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subscriber [shape="record", label="{ NATS Subscriber | Application 2}"];
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publisher:nats -- gnatsd [penwidth=2];
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application:nats -- gnatsd;
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gnatsd -- subscriber:nats [penwidth=2, dir="forward"];
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}
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</code></div>
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<p>NATS makes it easy for programs to communicate across different environments, languages, and systems because all a client has to do is parse the message. NATS lets programs share common message-handling code, isolate resources and interdependencies, and scale by easily handling an increase in message volume.</p>
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<h2 id="publish-subscribe"><a name="pubsub"></a>Publish Subscribe</h2>
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<p>NATS implements a publish subscribe message distribution model as a one-to-many communication. A publisher sends a message on a subject and any active subscriber listening on that subject receives the message. Subscribers can also register interest in wildcard subjects. NATS and NATS Streaming combine to offer two qualities of service:</p>
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<ul>
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<li><p><strong>At Most Once Delivery (NATS w/TCP reliability)</strong> - In the basic NATS platform, if a subscriber is not listening on the subject (no subject match), or is not active when the message is sent, the message is not received. NATS is a fire-and-forget messaging system. If you need higher levels of service, you can either use <a href="../documentation/streaming/nats-streaming-intro">NATS Streaming</a>, or build the additional reliability into your client(s) yourself.</p>
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</li>
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<li><p><strong>At Least Once Delivery (<a href="../documentation/streaming/nats-streaming-intro">NATS Streaming</a>)</strong> - Some applications require higher levels of service and more stringent delivery guarantees but at the potential cost of lower message throughput and higher end-to-end delivery latency. These applications rely on the underlying messaging transport to ensure that messages are delivered to subscribers irrespective of network outages or whether or not a subscriber is offline at a particular point in time.</p>
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</li>
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</ul>
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<div class="graphviz"><code data-viz="dot">
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digraph nats_pub_sub {
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rankdir=LR
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publisher [shape=box, style="rounded", label="Publisher"];
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subject [shape=circle, label="Subject"];
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sub1 [shape=box, style="rounded", label="Subscriber"];
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sub2 [shape=box, style="rounded", label="Subscriber"];
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sub3 [shape=box, style="rounded", label="Subscriber"];
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publisher -> subject [label="msg1"];
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subject -> sub1 [label="msg1"];
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subject -> sub2 [label="msg1"];
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subject -> sub3 [label="msg1"];
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}
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</code></div>
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<p>Try NATS publish subscribe on your own, using a live server by walking through the <a href="../doc/additional_documentation/nats-pub-sub">pub-sub tutorial</a>.</p>
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<h2 id="request-reply"><a name="reqrep"></a>Request Reply</h2>
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<p>NATS supports two flavors of request reply messaging: point-to-point or one-to-many. Point-to-point involves the fastest or first to respond. In a one-to-many exchange, you set a limit on the number of responses the requestor may receive.</p>
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<p>In a request-response exchange, publish request operation publishes a message with a reply subject expecting a response on that reply subject. You can request to automatically wait for a response inline.</p>
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<p>The request creates an inbox and performs a request call with the inbox reply and returns the first reply received. This is optimized in the case of multiple responses.</p>
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<div class="graphviz"><code data-viz="dot">
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digraph nats_request_reply {
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rankdir=LR
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subgraph {
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publisher [shape=box, style="rounded", label="Publisher"];
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}
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subgraph {
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subject [shape=circle, label="Subject"];
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reply [shape=circle, label="Reply"];
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{rank = same subject reply}
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}
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subgraph {
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sub1 [shape=box, style="rounded", label="Subscriber"];
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sub2 [shape=box, style="rounded", label="Subscriber"];
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sub3 [shape=box, style="rounded", label="Subscriber"];
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}
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publisher -> subject [label="msg1"];
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publisher -> reply [style="invis", weight=2];
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reply -> sub3 [style="invis", weight=2];
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subject -> sub1 [label="msg1", style="dotted"];
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subject -> sub2 [label="msg1", style="dotted"];
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subject -> sub3 [label="msg1"];
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sub3 -> reply;
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reply -> publisher;
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}
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</code></div>
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<p>Try NATS request reply on your own, using a live server by walking through the <a href="../doc/additional_documentation/nats-req-rep">request/reply tutorial</a>.</p>
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<h2 id="queue-subscribers--sharing-work"><a name="queue"></a>Queue Subscribers & Sharing Work</h2>
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<p>NATS provides a load balancing feature called queue subscriptions. Using queue subscribers will load balance message delivery across a group of subscribers which can be used to provide application fault tolerance and scale workload processing.</p>
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<p>To create a queue subscription, subscribers register a queue name. All subscribers with the same queue name form the queue group. As messages on the registered subject are published, one member of the group is chosen randomly to receive the message. Although queue groups have multiple subscribers, each message is consumed by only one.</p>
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<p>Queue subscribers can be asynchronous, in which case the message handler callback function processes the delivered message. Synchronous queue subscribers must build in logic to process the message. Queue subscribers are ideal for auto scaling as you can add or remove them anytime, without any configuration changes or restarting the server or clients.</p>
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<div class="graphviz"><code data-viz="dot">
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digraph nats_queues {
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rankdir=LR
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publisher [shape=box, style="rounded", label="Publisher"];
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subject [shape=circle, label="Queue"];
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sub1 [shape=box, style="rounded", label="Subscriber"];
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sub2 [shape=box, style="rounded", label="Subscriber"];
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sub3 [shape=box, style="rounded", label="Subscriber"];
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publisher -> subject [label="msgs 1,2,3"];
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subject -> sub1 [label="msg 2"];
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subject -> sub2 [label="msg 1"];
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subject -> sub3 [label="msg 3"];
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}
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</code></div>
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<p>Try NATS queue subscriptions on your own, using a live server by walking through the <a href="../doc/additional_documentation/nats-queueing">queueing tutorial</a>.</p>
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</section>
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var curLang = sessionStorage.getItem('nats-api-language');
|
|
var lang = this.getAttribute('data-language');
|
|
|
|
// Stop the infinite loop
|
|
if (curLang == lang) {
|
|
return;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
sessionStorage.setItem('nats-api-language', lang); // So we only do this 1x
|
|
|
|
updateLanguageParameter(lang)
|
|
|
|
document.querySelectorAll('.api-lang[data-language=' + lang + ']').forEach(elem => {
|
|
elem.click();
|
|
});
|
|
})
|
|
});
|
|
|
|
if (sessionStorage) {
|
|
var curLang = sessionStorage.getItem('nats-api-language');
|
|
var queryLang = getLanguageParameter();
|
|
var lang = curLang;
|
|
|
|
if (queryLang) { // query takes precedent
|
|
lang = queryLang
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
if (lang) {
|
|
document.querySelectorAll('.api-lang[data-language=' + lang + ']').forEach(elem => {
|
|
elem.click();
|
|
});
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
setTimeout(function () {
|
|
processGraphVizSections();
|
|
}, 1);
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
if (document.readyState != 'loading') docReady();
|
|
else if (document.addEventListener) document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', docReady);
|
|
else document.attachEvent('onreadystatechange', function () {
|
|
if (document.readyState == 'complete') docReady();
|
|
});
|
|
</script>
|
|
|
|
<!-- Github Buttons -->
|
|
<script async defer src="https://buttons.github.io/buttons.js"></script>
|
|
|
|
<!-- Styles -->
|
|
<style>
|
|
div.graphviz {
|
|
background: transparent;
|
|
border: 0;
|
|
padding-top: 15px;
|
|
padding-right: 15px;
|
|
padding-bottom: 15px;
|
|
padding-left: 15px;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
code[data-viz] {
|
|
display: none;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
.tab-wrap {
|
|
transition: 0.3s box-shadow ease;
|
|
border-radius: 6px;
|
|
max-width: 100%;
|
|
display: flex;
|
|
flex-wrap: wrap;
|
|
position: relative;
|
|
list-style: none;
|
|
background-color: #fff;
|
|
margin: 10px 0;
|
|
/* box-shadow: 0 1px 3px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.12), 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.24);*/
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
.tab-wrap:hover {
|
|
box-shadow: 0 12px 23px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.23), 0 10px 10px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.19);
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
.tab {
|
|
display: none;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
/* Using scss these would be generated, we have to manually create enough for all tabs, start with 8 */
|
|
.tab:checked:nth-of-type(1)~.tab__content:nth-of-type(1) {
|
|
opacity: 1;
|
|
transition: 0.5s opacity ease-in, 0.8s -webkit-transform ease;
|
|
transition: 0.5s opacity ease-in, 0.8s transform ease;
|
|
transition: 0.5s opacity ease-in, 0.8s transform ease, 0.8s -webkit-transform ease;
|
|
position: relative;
|
|
top: 0;
|
|
z-index: 100;
|
|
-webkit-transform: translateY(0px);
|
|
transform: translateY(0px);
|
|
text-shadow: 0 0 0;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
.tab:checked:nth-of-type(2)~.tab__content:nth-of-type(2) {
|
|
opacity: 1;
|
|
transition: 0.5s opacity ease-in, 0.8s -webkit-transform ease;
|
|
transition: 0.5s opacity ease-in, 0.8s transform ease;
|
|
transition: 0.5s opacity ease-in, 0.8s transform ease, 0.8s -webkit-transform ease;
|
|
position: relative;
|
|
top: 0;
|
|
z-index: 100;
|
|
-webkit-transform: translateY(0px);
|
|
transform: translateY(0px);
|
|
text-shadow: 0 0 0;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
.tab:checked:nth-of-type(3)~.tab__content:nth-of-type(3) {
|
|
opacity: 1;
|
|
transition: 0.5s opacity ease-in, 0.8s -webkit-transform ease;
|
|
transition: 0.5s opacity ease-in, 0.8s transform ease;
|
|
transition: 0.5s opacity ease-in, 0.8s transform ease, 0.8s -webkit-transform ease;
|
|
position: relative;
|
|
top: 0;
|
|
z-index: 100;
|
|
-webkit-transform: translateY(0px);
|
|
transform: translateY(0px);
|
|
text-shadow: 0 0 0;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
.tab:checked:nth-of-type(4)~.tab__content:nth-of-type(4) {
|
|
opacity: 1;
|
|
transition: 0.5s opacity ease-in, 0.8s -webkit-transform ease;
|
|
transition: 0.5s opacity ease-in, 0.8s transform ease;
|
|
transition: 0.5s opacity ease-in, 0.8s transform ease, 0.8s -webkit-transform ease;
|
|
position: relative;
|
|
top: 0;
|
|
z-index: 100;
|
|
-webkit-transform: translateY(0px);
|
|
transform: translateY(0px);
|
|
text-shadow: 0 0 0;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
.tab:checked:nth-of-type(5)~.tab__content:nth-of-type(5) {
|
|
opacity: 1;
|
|
transition: 0.5s opacity ease-in, 0.8s -webkit-transform ease;
|
|
transition: 0.5s opacity ease-in, 0.8s transform ease;
|
|
transition: 0.5s opacity ease-in, 0.8s transform ease, 0.8s -webkit-transform ease;
|
|
position: relative;
|
|
top: 0;
|
|
z-index: 100;
|
|
-webkit-transform: translateY(0px);
|
|
transform: translateY(0px);
|
|
text-shadow: 0 0 0;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
.tab:checked:nth-of-type(6)~.tab__content:nth-of-type(6) {
|
|
opacity: 1;
|
|
transition: 0.5s opacity ease-in, 0.8s -webkit-transform ease;
|
|
transition: 0.5s opacity ease-in, 0.8s transform ease;
|
|
transition: 0.5s opacity ease-in, 0.8s transform ease, 0.8s -webkit-transform ease;
|
|
position: relative;
|
|
top: 0;
|
|
z-index: 100;
|
|
-webkit-transform: translateY(0px);
|
|
transform: translateY(0px);
|
|
text-shadow: 0 0 0;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
.tab:checked:nth-of-type(7)~.tab__content:nth-of-type(7) {
|
|
opacity: 1;
|
|
transition: 0.5s opacity ease-in, 0.8s -webkit-transform ease;
|
|
transition: 0.5s opacity ease-in, 0.8s transform ease;
|
|
transition: 0.5s opacity ease-in, 0.8s transform ease, 0.8s -webkit-transform ease;
|
|
position: relative;
|
|
top: 0;
|
|
z-index: 100;
|
|
-webkit-transform: translateY(0px);
|
|
transform: translateY(0px);
|
|
text-shadow: 0 0 0;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
.tab:checked:nth-of-type(8)~.tab__content:nth-of-type(8) {
|
|
opacity: 1;
|
|
transition: 0.5s opacity ease-in, 0.8s -webkit-transform ease;
|
|
transition: 0.5s opacity ease-in, 0.8s transform ease;
|
|
transition: 0.5s opacity ease-in, 0.8s transform ease, 0.8s -webkit-transform ease;
|
|
position: relative;
|
|
top: 0;
|
|
z-index: 100;
|
|
-webkit-transform: translateY(0px);
|
|
transform: translateY(0px);
|
|
text-shadow: 0 0 0;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
.tab:first-of-type:not(:last-of-type)+label {
|
|
border-top-right-radius: 0;
|
|
border-bottom-right-radius: 0;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
.tab:not(:first-of-type):not(:last-of-type)+label {
|
|
border-radius: 0;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
.tab:last-of-type:not(:first-of-type)+label {
|
|
border-top-left-radius: 0;
|
|
border-bottom-left-radius: 0;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
.tab:checked+label {
|
|
background-color: #fff;
|
|
box-shadow: 0 -1px 0 #fff inset;
|
|
cursor: default;
|
|
font-weight: bold;
|
|
border: 1px solid #ddd;
|
|
border-bottom-color: transparent;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
.tab:checked+label:hover {
|
|
box-shadow: 0 -1px 0 #fff inset;
|
|
background-color: #fff;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
.tab+label {
|
|
box-shadow: 0 -1px 0 #eee inset;
|
|
border-radius: 6px 6px 0 0;
|
|
cursor: pointer;
|
|
display: block;
|
|
text-decoration: none;
|
|
color: #27aae1;
|
|
flex-grow: 3;
|
|
text-align: center;
|
|
-webkit-user-select: none;
|
|
-moz-user-select: none;
|
|
-ms-user-select: none;
|
|
user-select: none;
|
|
text-align: center;
|
|
transition: 0.3s background-color ease, 0.3s box-shadow ease;
|
|
height: 50px;
|
|
box-sizing: border-box;
|
|
padding: 15px;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
.tab+label:hover {
|
|
background-color: #f9f9f9;
|
|
box-shadow: 0 1px 0 #f4f4f4 inset;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
.tab__content {
|
|
padding: 2px 2px;
|
|
background-color: transparent;
|
|
position: absolute;
|
|
width: 100%;
|
|
z-index: -1;
|
|
opacity: 0;
|
|
left: 0;
|
|
-webkit-transform: translateY(-3px);
|
|
transform: translateY(-3px);
|
|
border-radius: 6px;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
.tab__content pre {
|
|
margin-bottom: 0px !important;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
.toolbar-icons {
|
|
display: inline-block;
|
|
position: relative;
|
|
padding-left: 4px;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
a.toolbar-icons {
|
|
text-decoration: none;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
.toolbar-icons .mdi {
|
|
color: #4183c4;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
.copy-msg {
|
|
color: #4183c4;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
.pull-right {
|
|
float: right !important;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
.pull-left {
|
|
float: left !important;
|
|
}
|
|
</style>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<script src="../gitbook/gitbook.js"></script>
|
|
<script src="../gitbook/theme.js"></script>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<script src="../gitbook/gitbook-plugin-search/search-engine.js"></script>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<script src="../gitbook/gitbook-plugin-search/search.js"></script>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<script src="../gitbook/gitbook-plugin-lunr/lunr.min.js"></script>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<script src="../gitbook/gitbook-plugin-lunr/search-lunr.js"></script>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<script src="../gitbook/gitbook-plugin-sharing/buttons.js"></script>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<script src="../gitbook/gitbook-plugin-fontsettings/fontsettings.js"></script>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</body>
|
|
</html>
|
|
|