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<title>What's New in 2.0 ยท NATS</title>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.1" data-path="../">
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Introduction
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What's New in 2.0
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FAQ
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nats.io
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<li class="header">Concepts</li>
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What is NATS
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Subject-Based Messaging
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Publish-Subscribe
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<a href="../developer/concepts/reqreply.html">
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Request-Reply
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</a>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="2.5" data-path="../developer/concepts/queue.html">
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<a href="../developer/concepts/queue.html">
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Queue Groups
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</a>
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<a href="../developer/concepts/acks.html">
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Acknowledgements
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<li class="chapter " data-level="2.7" data-path="../developer/concepts/seq_num.html">
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<a href="../developer/concepts/seq_num.html">
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Sequence Numbers
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</a>
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<li class="header">Developing With NATS</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="3.1" data-path="../developer/">
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<a href="../developer/">
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Introduction
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<li class="chapter " data-level="3.2" data-path="../developer/connecting/intro.html">
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<a href="../developer/connecting/intro.html">
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Connecting
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<ul class="articles">
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<li class="chapter " data-level="3.2.1" data-path="../developer/connecting/default_server.html">
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<a href="../developer/connecting/default_server.html">
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Connecting to the Default Server
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="3.2.2" data-path="../developer/connecting/specific_server.html">
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<a href="../developer/connecting/specific_server.html">
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Connecting to a Specific Server
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="3.2.3" data-path="../developer/connecting/cluster.html">
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<a href="../developer/connecting/cluster.html">
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Connecting to a Cluster
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="3.2.4" data-path="../developer/connecting/connect_timeout.html">
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<a href="../developer/connecting/connect_timeout.html">
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Setting a Connect Timeout
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="3.2.5" data-path="../developer/connecting/pingpong.html">
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<a href="../developer/connecting/pingpong.html">
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Ping/Pong Protocol
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="3.2.6" data-path="../developer/connecting/protocol.html">
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<a href="../developer/connecting/protocol.html">
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Controlling the Client/Server Protocol
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="3.2.7" data-path="../developer/connecting/noecho.html">
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<a href="../developer/connecting/noecho.html">
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Turning Off Echo'd Messages
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</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="3.3" data-path="../developer/reconnect/intro.html">
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<a href="../developer/reconnect/intro.html">
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Automatic Reconnections
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</a>
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<ul class="articles">
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<li class="chapter " data-level="3.3.1" data-path="../developer/reconnect/disable.html">
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<a href="../developer/reconnect/disable.html">
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Disabling Reconnect
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="3.3.2" data-path="../developer/reconnect/max.html">
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<a href="../developer/reconnect/max.html">
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Set the Number of Reconnect Attempts
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="3.3.3" data-path="../developer/reconnect/wait.html">
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<a href="../developer/reconnect/wait.html">
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Pausing Between Reconnect Attempts
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="3.3.4" data-path="../developer/reconnect/random.html">
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<a href="../developer/reconnect/random.html">
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Avoiding the Thundering Herd
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="3.3.5" data-path="../developer/reconnect/events.html">
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<a href="../developer/reconnect/events.html">
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Listening for Reconnect Events
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="3.3.6" data-path="../developer/reconnect/buffer.html">
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<a href="../developer/reconnect/buffer.html">
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Buffering Messages During Reconnect Attempts
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</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="3.4" data-path="../developer/security/intro.html">
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<a href="../developer/security/intro.html">
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Securing Connections
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</a>
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<ul class="articles">
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<li class="chapter " data-level="3.4.1" data-path="../developer/security/userpass.html">
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<a href="../developer/security/userpass.html">
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Authenticating with a User and Password
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="3.4.2" data-path="../developer/security/token.html">
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<a href="../developer/security/token.html">
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Authenticating with a Token
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="3.4.3" data-path="../developer/security/nkey.html">
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<a href="../developer/security/nkey.html">
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Authenticating with an NKey
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="3.4.4" data-path="../developer/security/creds.html">
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<a href="../developer/security/creds.html">
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Authenticating with a Credentials File
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="3.4.5" data-path="../developer/security/tls.html">
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<a href="../developer/security/tls.html">
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Encrypting Connections with TLS
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</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="3.5" data-path="../developer/receiving/intro.html">
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<a href="../developer/receiving/intro.html">
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Receiving Messages
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</a>
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<ul class="articles">
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<li class="chapter " data-level="3.5.1" data-path="../developer/receiving/sync.html">
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<a href="../developer/receiving/sync.html">
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Synchronous Subscriptions
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="3.5.2" data-path="../developer/receiving/async.html">
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<a href="../developer/receiving/async.html">
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Asynchronous Subscriptions
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="3.5.3" data-path="../developer/receiving/unsubscribing.html">
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<a href="../developer/receiving/unsubscribing.html">
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Unsubscribing
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="3.5.4" data-path="../developer/receiving/unsub_after.html">
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<a href="../developer/receiving/unsub_after.html">
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Unsubscribing After N Messages
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="3.5.5" data-path="../developer/receiving/reply.html">
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<a href="../developer/receiving/reply.html">
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Replying to a Message
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="3.5.6" data-path="../developer/receiving/wildcards.html">
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<a href="../developer/receiving/wildcards.html">
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Wildcard Subscriptions
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="3.5.7" data-path="../developer/receiving/queues.html">
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<a href="../developer/receiving/queues.html">
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Queue Subscriptions
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="3.5.8" data-path="../developer/receiving/drain.html">
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<a href="../developer/receiving/drain.html">
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Draining Messages Before Disconnect
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="3.5.9" data-path="../developer/receiving/structure.html">
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<a href="../developer/receiving/structure.html">
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Structured Data
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</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="3.6" data-path="../developer/sending/intro.html">
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<a href="../developer/sending/intro.html">
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Sending Messages
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</a>
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<ul class="articles">
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<li class="chapter " data-level="3.6.1" data-path="../developer/sending/replyto.html">
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<a href="../developer/sending/replyto.html">
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Including a Reply Subject
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="3.6.2" data-path="../developer/sending/request_reply.html">
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<a href="../developer/sending/request_reply.html">
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Request-Reply Semantics
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="3.6.3" data-path="../developer/sending/caches.html">
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<a href="../developer/sending/caches.html">
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Caches, Flush and Ping
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="3.6.4" data-path="../developer/sending/structure.html">
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<a href="../developer/sending/structure.html">
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Sending Structured Data
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</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="3.7" data-path="../developer/events/intro.html">
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<a href="../developer/events/intro.html">
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Monitoring the Connection
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</a>
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<ul class="articles">
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<li class="chapter " data-level="3.7.1" data-path="../developer/events/events.html">
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<a href="../developer/events/events.html">
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Listen for Connection Events
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="3.7.2" data-path="../developer/events/slow.html">
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<a href="../developer/events/slow.html">
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Slow Consumers
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</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="3.8" data-path="../developer/tutorials/intro.html">
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<a href="../developer/tutorials/intro.html">
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Tutorials
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</a>
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<ul class="articles">
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<li class="chapter " data-level="3.8.1" data-path="../developer/tutorials/pubsub.html">
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<a href="../developer/tutorials/pubsub.html">
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Explore NATS Pub/Sub
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="3.8.2" data-path="../developer/tutorials/reqreply.html">
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<a href="../developer/tutorials/reqreply.html">
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|
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Explore NATS Request/Reply
|
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</a>
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</li>
|
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|
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.8.3" data-path="../developer/tutorials/queues.html">
|
|
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<a href="../developer/tutorials/queues.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
Explore NATS Queueing
|
|
|
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</a>
|
|
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</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.8.4" data-path="../developer/tutorials/custom_dialer.html">
|
|
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|
<a href="../developer/tutorials/custom_dialer.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
Advanced Connect and Custom Dialer in Go
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
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</li>
|
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</ul>
|
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</li>
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|
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|
|
|
|
<li class="header">NATS Server</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.1" data-path="../nats_server/installation.html">
|
|
|
|
<a href="../nats_server/installation.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
Installing
|
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</a>
|
|
|
|
|
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</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.2" data-path="../nats_server/running.html">
|
|
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|
<a href="../nats_server/running.html">
|
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|
|
Running
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
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|
|
<ul class="articles">
|
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|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.2.1" data-path="../nats_server/windows_srv.html">
|
|
|
|
<a href="../nats_server/windows_srv.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
Window Service
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
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</li>
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</ul>
|
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</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.3" data-path="../nats_server/clients.html">
|
|
|
|
<a href="../nats_server/clients.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
Clients
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.4" data-path="../nats_server/flags.html">
|
|
|
|
<a href="../nats_server/flags.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
Flags
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.5" data-path="../nats_server/configuration.html">
|
|
|
|
<a href="../nats_server/configuration.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
Configuration
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<ul class="articles">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.5.1" data-path="../nats_server/securing_nats.html">
|
|
|
|
<a href="../nats_server/securing_nats.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
Securing NATS
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
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|
|
<ul class="articles">
|
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|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.5.1.1" data-path="../nats_server/tls.html">
|
|
|
|
<a href="../nats_server/tls.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
Enabling TLS
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.5.1.2" data-path="../nats_server/auth_intro.html">
|
|
|
|
<a href="../nats_server/auth_intro.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
Authentication
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
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|
|
<ul class="articles">
|
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|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.5.1.2.1" data-path="../nats_server/tokens.html">
|
|
|
|
<a href="../nats_server/tokens.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
Tokens
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.5.1.2.2" data-path="../nats_server/username_password.html">
|
|
|
|
<a href="../nats_server/username_password.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
Username/Password
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.5.1.2.3" data-path="../nats_server/tls_mutual_auth.html">
|
|
|
|
<a href="../nats_server/tls_mutual_auth.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
TLS Authentication
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.5.1.2.4" data-path="../nats_server/nkey_auth.html">
|
|
|
|
<a href="../nats_server/nkey_auth.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
NKeys
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.5.1.2.5" data-path="../nats_server/accounts.html">
|
|
|
|
<a href="../nats_server/accounts.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
Accounts
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.5.1.2.6" data-path="../nats_server/jwt_auth.html">
|
|
|
|
<a href="../nats_server/jwt_auth.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
JWTs
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.5.1.2.7" data-path="../nats_server/auth_timeout.html">
|
|
|
|
<a href="../nats_server/auth_timeout.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
Authentication Timeout
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</ul>
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.5.1.3" data-path="../nats_server/authorization.html">
|
|
|
|
<a href="../nats_server/authorization.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
Authorization
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</ul>
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.5.2" data-path="../nats_server/clustering.html">
|
|
|
|
<a href="../nats_server/clustering.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
Clustering
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<ul class="articles">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.5.2.1" data-path="../nats_server/cluster_config.html">
|
|
|
|
<a href="../nats_server/cluster_config.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
Configuration
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.5.2.2" data-path="../nats_server/cluster_tls.html">
|
|
|
|
<a href="../nats_server/cluster_tls.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
TLS Authentication
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</ul>
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.5.3" data-path="../gateways/">
|
|
|
|
<a href="../gateways/">
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gateways
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<ul class="articles">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.5.3.1" data-path="../gateways/gateway.html">
|
|
|
|
<a href="../gateways/gateway.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
Configuration
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</ul>
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.5.4" data-path="../leafnodes/">
|
|
|
|
<a href="../leafnodes/">
|
|
|
|
|
|
Leaf Nodes
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<ul class="articles">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.5.4.1" data-path="../leafnodes/leafnode_conf.html">
|
|
|
|
<a href="../leafnodes/leafnode_conf.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
Configuration
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</ul>
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.5.5" data-path="../nats_server/logging.html">
|
|
|
|
<a href="../nats_server/logging.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
Logging
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.5.6" data-path="../nats_server/monitoring.html">
|
|
|
|
<a href="../nats_server/monitoring.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
Monitoring
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</ul>
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.6" data-path="../nats_admin/">
|
|
|
|
<a href="../nats_admin/">
|
|
|
|
|
|
Managing A NATS Server
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<ul class="articles">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.6.1" data-path="../nats_admin/upgrading_cluster.html">
|
|
|
|
<a href="../nats_admin/upgrading_cluster.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
Upgrading a Cluster
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.6.2" data-path="../nats_admin/slow_consumers.html">
|
|
|
|
<a href="../nats_admin/slow_consumers.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
Slow Consumers
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.6.3" data-path="../nats_admin/signals.html">
|
|
|
|
<a href="../nats_admin/signals.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
Signals
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.6.4" data-path="../sys_accounts/">
|
|
|
|
<a href="../sys_accounts/">
|
|
|
|
|
|
System Accounts
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<ul class="articles">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.6.4.1" data-path="../sys_accounts/sys_accounts.html">
|
|
|
|
<a href="../sys_accounts/sys_accounts.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
Configuration
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</ul>
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</ul>
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.7" data-path="../nats_docker/">
|
|
|
|
<a href="../nats_docker/">
|
|
|
|
|
|
NATS and Docker
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<ul class="articles">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.7.1" data-path="../nats_docker/nats-docker-tutorial.html">
|
|
|
|
<a href="../nats_docker/nats-docker-tutorial.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
Tutorial
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.7.2" data-path="../nats_docker/docker_swarm.html">
|
|
|
|
<a href="../nats_docker/docker_swarm.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
Docker Swarm
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</ul>
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li class="header">NATS Tools</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.1" data-path="../nats_tools/mkpasswd.html">
|
|
|
|
<a href="../nats_tools/mkpasswd.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
mkpasswd
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.2" data-path="../nats_tools/nk.html">
|
|
|
|
<a href="../nats_tools/nk.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
nk
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.3" data-path="../nats_tools/nsc/">
|
|
|
|
<a href="../nats_tools/nsc/">
|
|
|
|
|
|
nsc
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<ul class="articles">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.3.1" data-path="../nats_tools/nsc/nsc.html">
|
|
|
|
<a href="../nats_tools/nsc/nsc.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
Basics
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.3.2" data-path="../nats_tools/nsc/streams.html">
|
|
|
|
<a href="../nats_tools/nsc/streams.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
Streams
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.3.3" data-path="../nats_tools/nsc/services.html">
|
|
|
|
<a href="../nats_tools/nsc/services.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
Services
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.3.4" data-path="../nats_tools/nsc/signing_keys.html">
|
|
|
|
<a href="../nats_tools/nsc/signing_keys.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
Signing Keys
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.3.5" data-path="../nats_tools/nsc/revocation.html">
|
|
|
|
<a href="../nats_tools/nsc/revocation.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
Revocation
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.3.6" data-path="../nats_tools/nsc/managed.html">
|
|
|
|
<a href="../nats_tools/nsc/managed.html">
|
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Managed Operators
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</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="5.4" data-path="../nats_tools/nas/">
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<a href="../nats_tools/nas/">
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nats-account-server
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</a>
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<ul class="articles">
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<li class="chapter " data-level="5.4.1" data-path="../nats_tools/nas/nas_conf.html">
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<a href="../nats_tools/nas/nas_conf.html">
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Basics
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="5.4.2" data-path="../nats_tools/nas/inspecting_jwts.html">
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<a href="../nats_tools/nas/inspecting_jwts.html">
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Inspecting JWTs
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="5.4.3" data-path="../nats_tools/nas/dir_store.html">
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<a href="../nats_tools/nas/dir_store.html">
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Directory Store
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="5.4.4" data-path="../nats_tools/nas/notifications.html">
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<a href="../nats_tools/nas/notifications.html">
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Update Notifications
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="5.4.5" data-path="../nats_tools/nas/mem_resolver.html">
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<a href="../nats_tools/nas/mem_resolver.html">
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Memory Resolver
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</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="5.5" data-path="../nats_tools/nats_top/">
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<a href="../nats_tools/nats_top/">
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nats-top
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</a>
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<ul class="articles">
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<li class="chapter " data-level="5.5.1" data-path="../nats_tools/nats_top/nats-top-tutorial.html">
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<a href="../nats_tools/nats_top/nats-top-tutorial.html">
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Tutorial
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</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="5.6" data-path="../nats_tools/natsbench.html">
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<a href="../nats_tools/natsbench.html">
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nats-bench
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="header">NATS Streaming Concepts</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="6.1" data-path="../nats_streaming/intro.html">
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<a href="../nats_streaming/intro.html">
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Introduction
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="6.2" data-path="../nats_streaming/relation-to-nats.html">
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<a href="../nats_streaming/relation-to-nats.html">
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Relation to NATS
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="6.3" data-path="../nats_streaming/client-connections.html">
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<a href="../nats_streaming/client-connections.html">
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Client Connections
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="6.4" data-path="../nats_streaming/channels/channels.html">
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<a href="../nats_streaming/channels/channels.html">
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Channels
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</a>
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<ul class="articles">
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<li class="chapter " data-level="6.4.1" data-path="../nats_streaming/channels/message-log.html">
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<a href="../nats_streaming/channels/message-log.html">
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Message Log
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="6.4.2" data-path="../nats_streaming/channels/subscriptions/subscriptions.html">
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<a href="../nats_streaming/channels/subscriptions/subscriptions.html">
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Subscriptions
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</a>
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<ul class="articles">
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<li class="chapter " data-level="6.4.2.1" data-path="../nats_streaming/channels/subscriptions/regular.html">
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<a href="../nats_streaming/channels/subscriptions/regular.html">
|
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Regular
|
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="6.4.2.2" data-path="../nats_streaming/channels/subscriptions/durable.html">
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<a href="../nats_streaming/channels/subscriptions/durable.html">
|
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Durable
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="6.4.2.3" data-path="../nats_streaming/channels/subscriptions/queue-group.html">
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<a href="../nats_streaming/channels/subscriptions/queue-group.html">
|
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Queue Group
|
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="6.4.2.4" data-path="../nats_streaming/channels/subscriptions/redelivery.html">
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<a href="../nats_streaming/channels/subscriptions/redelivery.html">
|
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Redelivery
|
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</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="6.5" data-path="../nats_streaming/store-interface.html">
|
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<a href="../nats_streaming/store-interface.html">
|
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|
|
|
Store Interface
|
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</a>
|
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="6.6" data-path="../nats_streaming/store-encryption.html">
|
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|
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<a href="../nats_streaming/store-encryption.html">
|
|
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|
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Store Encryption
|
|
|
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</a>
|
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</li>
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|
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.7" data-path="../nats_streaming/clustering/clustering.html">
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|
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<a href="../nats_streaming/clustering/clustering.html">
|
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Clustering
|
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</a>
|
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<ul class="articles">
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<li class="chapter " data-level="6.7.1" data-path="../nats_streaming/clustering/supported-stores.html">
|
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|
<a href="../nats_streaming/clustering/supported-stores.html">
|
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|
|
|
Supported Stores
|
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</a>
|
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="6.7.2" data-path="../nats_streaming/clustering/configuration.html">
|
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|
<a href="../nats_streaming/clustering/configuration.html">
|
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|
|
Configuration
|
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</a>
|
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</li>
|
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<li class="chapter " data-level="6.7.3" data-path="../nats_streaming/clustering/auto-configuration.html">
|
|
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|
<a href="../nats_streaming/clustering/auto-configuration.html">
|
|
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|
|
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Auto Configuration
|
|
|
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</a>
|
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</li>
|
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|
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.7.4" data-path="../nats_streaming/clustering/containers.html">
|
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|
<a href="../nats_streaming/clustering/containers.html">
|
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|
|
Containers
|
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</a>
|
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</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="6.8" data-path="../nats_streaming/fault-tolerance/ft.html">
|
|
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|
<a href="../nats_streaming/fault-tolerance/ft.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fault Tolerance
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
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<ul class="articles">
|
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<li class="chapter " data-level="6.8.1" data-path="../nats_streaming/fault-tolerance/active-server.html">
|
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|
|
<a href="../nats_streaming/fault-tolerance/active-server.html">
|
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|
|
Active Server
|
|
|
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</a>
|
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</li>
|
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<li class="chapter " data-level="6.8.2" data-path="../nats_streaming/fault-tolerance/standby-server.html">
|
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|
|
<a href="../nats_streaming/fault-tolerance/standby-server.html">
|
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|
|
Standby Servers
|
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|
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</a>
|
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</li>
|
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<li class="chapter " data-level="6.8.3" data-path="../nats_streaming/fault-tolerance/shared-state.html">
|
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|
|
<a href="../nats_streaming/fault-tolerance/shared-state.html">
|
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|
|
Shared State
|
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</a>
|
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="6.8.4" data-path="../nats_streaming/fault-tolerance/failover.html">
|
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|
|
<a href="../nats_streaming/fault-tolerance/failover.html">
|
|
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|
|
|
Failover
|
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|
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</a>
|
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</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="6.9" data-path="../nats_streaming/partitioning.html">
|
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|
|
<a href="../nats_streaming/partitioning.html">
|
|
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|
|
|
Partitioning
|
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</a>
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</li>
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|
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.10" data-path="../nats_streaming/monitoring/monitoring.html">
|
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|
<a href="../nats_streaming/monitoring/monitoring.html">
|
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|
|
|
|
Monitoring
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
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|
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<ul class="articles">
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<li class="chapter " data-level="6.10.1" data-path="../nats_streaming/monitoring/endpoints.html">
|
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|
<a href="../nats_streaming/monitoring/endpoints.html">
|
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|
|
Endpoints
|
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</a>
|
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</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li class="header">Developing With NATS Streaming</li>
|
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|
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.1" data-path="../developer/streaming/">
|
|
|
|
<a href="../developer/streaming/">
|
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|
|
|
|
Introduction
|
|
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</a>
|
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|
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</li>
|
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|
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.2" data-path="../developer/streaming/connecting.html">
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|
<a href="../developer/streaming/connecting.html">
|
|
|
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|
|
Connecting to NATS Streaming
|
|
|
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</a>
|
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</li>
|
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|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.3" data-path="../developer/streaming/publishing.html">
|
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|
<a href="../developer/streaming/publishing.html">
|
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|
|
|
|
Publishing to a Channel
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
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</li>
|
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|
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.4" data-path="../developer/streaming/receiving.html">
|
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|
|
<a href="../developer/streaming/receiving.html">
|
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|
|
|
|
Receiving Messages from a Channel
|
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|
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</a>
|
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</li>
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|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.5" data-path="../developer/streaming/durables.html">
|
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<a href="../developer/streaming/durables.html">
|
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|
|
|
Durable Subscriptions
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
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</li>
|
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|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.6" data-path="../developer/streaming/queues.html">
|
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|
|
<a href="../developer/streaming/queues.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
Queue Subscriptions
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
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</li>
|
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|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.7" data-path="../developer/streaming/acks.html">
|
|
|
|
<a href="../developer/streaming/acks.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
Acknowledgements
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
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|
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</li>
|
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|
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.8" data-path="../developer/streaming/protocol.html">
|
|
|
|
<a href="../developer/streaming/protocol.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
The Streaming Protocol
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
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|
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</li>
|
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|
|
<li class="header">NATS Streaming Server</li>
|
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|
|
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|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="8.1" data-path="../nats_streaming/gettingstarted/changes.html">
|
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|
|
<a href="../nats_streaming/gettingstarted/changes.html">
|
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|
|
|
|
Important Changes
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
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|
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</li>
|
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|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="8.2" data-path="../nats_streaming/gettingstarted/install.html">
|
|
|
|
<a href="../nats_streaming/gettingstarted/install.html">
|
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|
|
|
|
Installing
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
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|
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</li>
|
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|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="8.3" data-path="../nats_streaming/gettingstarted/run.html">
|
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|
<a href="../nats_streaming/gettingstarted/run.html">
|
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|
|
|
Running
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
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</li>
|
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|
<li class="chapter " data-level="8.4" data-path="../nats_streaming/configuring/configuring.html">
|
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|
|
<a href="../nats_streaming/configuring/configuring.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
Configuring
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
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|
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<ul class="articles">
|
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|
<li class="chapter " data-level="8.4.1" data-path="../nats_streaming/configuring/cmdline.html">
|
|
|
|
<a href="../nats_streaming/configuring/cmdline.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
Command line arguments
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
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</li>
|
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|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="8.4.2" data-path="../nats_streaming/configuring/cfgfile.html">
|
|
|
|
<a href="../nats_streaming/configuring/cfgfile.html">
|
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|
|
|
|
Configuration file
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
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</li>
|
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<li class="chapter " data-level="8.4.3" data-path="../nats_streaming/configuring/storelimits.html">
|
|
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|
<a href="../nats_streaming/configuring/storelimits.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
Store Limits
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
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|
<ul class="articles">
|
|
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|
<li class="chapter " data-level="8.4.3.1" data-path="../nats_streaming/configuring/storelimits.html">
|
|
|
|
<a href="../nats_streaming/configuring/storelimits.html#limits-inheritance">
|
|
|
|
|
|
Limits inheritance
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
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</li>
|
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="8.4.4" data-path="../nats_streaming/configuring/persistence.html">
|
|
|
|
<a href="../nats_streaming/configuring/persistence.html">
|
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Persistence
|
|
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|
</a>
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<ul class="articles">
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<li class="chapter " data-level="8.4.4.1" data-path="../nats_streaming/configuring/filestore.html">
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<a href="../nats_streaming/configuring/filestore.html">
|
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File Store
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</a>
|
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<ul class="articles">
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<li class="chapter " data-level="8.4.4.1.1" data-path="../nats_streaming/configuring/filestore.html">
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<a href="../nats_streaming/configuring/filestore.html#options">
|
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Options
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="8.4.4.1.2" data-path="../nats_streaming/configuring/filestore.html">
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<a href="../nats_streaming/configuring/filestore.html#recovery-errors">
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Recovery Errors
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</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="8.4.4.2" data-path="../nats_streaming/configuring/sqlstore.html">
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<a href="../nats_streaming/configuring/sqlstore.html">
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SQL Store
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</a>
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<ul class="articles">
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<li class="chapter " data-level="8.4.4.2.1" data-path="../nats_streaming/configuring/sqlstore.html">
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<a href="../nats_streaming/configuring/sqlstore.html#read-and-write-timeouts">
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Read and Write Timeouts
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="8.4.4.2.2" data-path="../nats_streaming/configuring/sqlstore.html">
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<a href="../nats_streaming/configuring/sqlstore.html#options">
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Options
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</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="8.4.5" data-path="../nats_streaming/configuring/tls.html">
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<a href="../nats_streaming/configuring/tls.html">
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Securing
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</a>
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<ul class="articles">
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<li class="chapter " data-level="8.4.5.1" data-path="../nats_streaming/configuring/tls.html">
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<a href="../nats_streaming/configuring/tls.html#authenticating-users">
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Authenticating Users
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="8.4.5.2" data-path="../nats_streaming/configuring/tls.html">
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<a href="../nats_streaming/configuring/tls.html#using-tls">
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TLS
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</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="8.5" data-path="../nats_streaming/gettingstarted/process-signaling.html">
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<a href="../nats_streaming/gettingstarted/process-signaling.html">
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Process Signaling
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="8.6" data-path="../nats_streaming/gettingstarted/windows-service.html">
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<a href="../nats_streaming/gettingstarted/windows-service.html">
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Windows Service
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="8.7" data-path="../developer/streaming/embedding.html">
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<a href="../developer/streaming/embedding.html">
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Embedding NATS Streaming Server
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="8.8" data-path="../nats_streaming/swarm.html">
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<a href="../nats_streaming/swarm.html">
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Docker Swarm
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</a>
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<li class="header">NATS Protocol</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="9.1" data-path="../nats_protocol/nats-protocol-demo.html">
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<a href="../nats_protocol/nats-protocol-demo.html">
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Protocol Demo
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="9.2" data-path="../nats_protocol/nats-protocol.html">
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<a href="../nats_protocol/nats-protocol.html">
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Client Protocol
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</a>
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<ul class="articles">
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<li class="chapter " data-level="9.2.1" data-path="../nats_protocol/nats-client-dev.html">
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<a href="../nats_protocol/nats-client-dev.html">
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Developing a Client
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</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="9.3" data-path="../nats_protocol/nats-server-protocol.html">
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<a href="../nats_protocol/nats-server-protocol.html">
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NATS Cluster Protocol
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="divider"></li>
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<li>
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<a href="https://www.gitbook.com" target="blank" class="gitbook-link">
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Published with GitBook
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</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</nav>
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</div>
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<div class="book-body">
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<div class="body-inner">
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<div class="book-header" role="navigation">
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|
<!-- Title -->
|
|
<h1>
|
|
<i class="fa fa-circle-o-notch fa-spin"></i>
|
|
<a href=".." >What's New in 2.0</a>
|
|
</h1>
|
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</div>
|
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<div class="page-wrapper" tabindex="-1" role="main">
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<section class="normal markdown-section">
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<h1 id="whats-new-in-nats-20"><a name="whats-new-in-nats-20" class="plugin-anchor" href="#whats-new-in-nats-20"><i class="fa fa-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a>What's New in NATS 2.0</h1>
|
|
<p>NATS 2.0 is the largest feature release since the original code base for the
|
|
server was released. NATS 2.0 was created to allow a new way of thinking about
|
|
NATS as a shared utility, solving problems at scale through distributed
|
|
security, multi-tenancy, larger networks, and secure sharing of data.</p>
|
|
<h2 id="rationale"><a name="rationale" class="plugin-anchor" href="#rationale"><i class="fa fa-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a>Rationale</h2>
|
|
<p>NATS 2.0 was created to address problems in large scale distributed computing.</p>
|
|
<p>It is difficult at best to combine identity management end-to-end
|
|
(or end-to-edge), with data sharing, while adhering to policy and compliance.
|
|
Current distributed systems increase significantly in operational complexity
|
|
as they scale upward. Problems arise around service discovery, connectivity,
|
|
scaling for volume, and application onboarding and updates.
|
|
Disaster recovery is difficult, especially as systems have evolved to
|
|
operate in silos defined by technology rather than business needs.
|
|
As complexity increases, systems become expensive to operate in terms of time
|
|
and money. They become fragile making it difficult to deploy services and
|
|
applications hindering innovation, increasing time to value and total cost
|
|
of ownership.</p>
|
|
<p>We decided to:</p>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li><strong>Reduce total cost of ownership</strong>: Users want reduced TCO for their
|
|
distributed systems. This is addressed by an easy to use technology that
|
|
can operate at global scale with simple configuration and a resilient
|
|
and cloud-native architecture.</li>
|
|
<li><strong>Decrease Time to Value</strong>: As systems scale, <em>time to value</em> increases.
|
|
Operations resist change due to risk in touching a complex and fragile
|
|
system. Providing isolation contexts can help mitigate this.</li>
|
|
<li><strong>Support manageable large scale deployments</strong>: No data silos defined by
|
|
software, instead easily managed through software to provide exactly what the
|
|
business needs. We wanted to provide easy to configure disaster recovery.</li>
|
|
<li><strong>Decentralize security</strong>: Provide security supporting one
|
|
technology end-to-end where organizations may self-manage making it
|
|
easier to support a massive number of endpoints.</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
<p>To achieve this, we added a number of new features that are transparent
|
|
to existing clients with 100% backward client compatibility.</p>
|
|
<h2 id="accounts"><a name="accounts" class="plugin-anchor" href="#accounts"><i class="fa fa-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a>Accounts</h2>
|
|
<p>Accounts are securely isolated communication contexts that allow multi-tenancy
|
|
spanning a NATS deployment. Accounts allow users to bifurcate technology from
|
|
business driven use cases, where data silos are created by design, not software
|
|
limitations. When a client connects, it specifies an account or will default
|
|
to authentication with a global account.</p>
|
|
<p>At least some services need to share data outside of their account.
|
|
Data can be securely shared between accounts with secure services and
|
|
streams. Only mutual agreement between account owners permit data flow,
|
|
and the import account has complete control over its own subject space.</p>
|
|
<p>This means within an account, limitations may be set and subjects can be used
|
|
without worry of collisions with other groups or organizations. Development
|
|
groups choose any subjects without affecting the rest of the system, and open
|
|
up accounts to export or import only the services and streams they need.</p>
|
|
<p>Accounts are easy, secure, and cost effective. There is one NATS deployment
|
|
to manage, but organizations and development teams can self manage with more
|
|
autonomy reducing time to value with faster, more agile development practices.</p>
|
|
<h3 id="service-and-streams"><a name="service-and-streams" class="plugin-anchor" href="#service-and-streams"><i class="fa fa-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a>Service and Streams</h3>
|
|
<p>Services and streams are mechanisms to share messages between accounts.</p>
|
|
<p>Think of a service as an RPC endpoint into an account. Behind that account
|
|
there might be many microservices working in concert to handle requests, but
|
|
from outside the account there is simply one subject exposed.</p>
|
|
<p><strong>Services</strong> definition to share an endpoint:</p>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li>Export a service to allow other accounts to import</li>
|
|
<li>Import a service to allow requests to be sent securely and seamlessly to
|
|
another account</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
<p>Use cases include most applications - anything that accepts a request and returns
|
|
a response.</p>
|
|
<p><strong>Stream</strong> definitions allow continuous data flow between accounts:</p>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li>Export a stream to allow egress</li>
|
|
<li>Import a stream to allow ingress</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
<p>Use cases include Observability, Metrics, and Data analytics. Any application
|
|
or endpoint reading a stream of data.</p>
|
|
<p>Note that services and streams operate with <strong>zero</strong> client configuration or
|
|
API changes. Services may even move between accounts, entirely transparent
|
|
to end clients.</p>
|
|
<h3 id="system-accounts"><a name="system-accounts" class="plugin-anchor" href="#system-accounts"><i class="fa fa-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a>System Accounts</h3>
|
|
<p>The system account publishes system messages under established subject patterns.
|
|
These are internal NATS system messages that may be useful to operators.</p>
|
|
<p>Server initiated events and data include:</p>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li>Client connection events</li>
|
|
<li>Account connection status</li>
|
|
<li>Authentication errors</li>
|
|
<li>Leaf node connection events</li>
|
|
<li>Server stats summary</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
<p>Tools and clients with proper privileges can request:</p>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li>Service statistics</li>
|
|
<li>Server discovery and metrics</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
<p>Account servers will also publish messages when an account changes.</p>
|
|
<p>With this information and system metadata you can build useful
|
|
monitoring and anomaly detection tools.</p>
|
|
<h2 id="global-deployments"><a name="global-deployments" class="plugin-anchor" href="#global-deployments"><i class="fa fa-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a>Global Deployments</h2>
|
|
<p>NATS 2.0 supports global deployments, allowing for global topologies that
|
|
optimize for WANs while extend to the edge or devices.</p>
|
|
<h3 id="self-healing"><a name="self-healing" class="plugin-anchor" href="#self-healing"><i class="fa fa-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a>Self Healing</h3>
|
|
<p>While self healing features have been part of NATS 1.X releases, we
|
|
ensured they continue to work in global deployments. These include:</p>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li>Client and server connections automatically reconnect</li>
|
|
<li>Auto-Discovery where servers exchange server topology changes with each
|
|
other and with clients, in real time with zero configuration changes and
|
|
zero downtime while being entirely transparent to clients. Clients can
|
|
failover to servers they were not originally configured with.</li>
|
|
<li>NATS server clusters dynamically adjust to new or removed servers allowing
|
|
for seamless rolling upgrades and scaling up or down.</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
<h3 id="superclusters"><a name="superclusters" class="plugin-anchor" href="#superclusters"><i class="fa fa-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a>Superclusters</h3>
|
|
<p>Conceptually, superclusters are clusters of NATS clusters. Create
|
|
superclusters to deploy a truly global NATS network. Superclusters use
|
|
a novel spline based technology with a unique approach to topology, keeping
|
|
one hop semantics and optimizing WAN traffic through optimistic sends with
|
|
interest graph pruning. Superclusters provide transparent, intelligent support
|
|
for geo-distributed queue subscribers.</p>
|
|
<h3 id="disaster-recovery"><a name="disaster-recovery" class="plugin-anchor" href="#disaster-recovery"><i class="fa fa-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a>Disaster Recovery</h3>
|
|
<p>Superclusters inherently support disaster recovery. With geo-distributed queue
|
|
subscribers, local clients are preferred, then an RTT is used to find the lowest
|
|
latency NATS cluster containing a matching queue subscriber in the supercluster.</p>
|
|
<p>What does this mean?</p>
|
|
<p>Let's say you have a set of load balanced services in US East Coast
|
|
(US-EAST), another set in the EU (EU-WEST), and a supercluster consisting
|
|
of a NATS cluster in US-EAST connected to a NATS cluster in EU-WEST. Clients
|
|
in the US would connect to a US-EAST, and services connected to that cluster
|
|
would service those clients. Clients in Europe would automatically use
|
|
services connected to EU-WEST. If the services in US-EAST disconnect,
|
|
clients in US-EAST will begin using services in EU-WEST.</p>
|
|
<p>Once the Eastern US services have reconnected to US-EAST, those services
|
|
will immediately begin servicing the Eastern US clients since they're local to
|
|
the NATS cluster. This is automatic and entirely transparent to the client.
|
|
There is no extra configuration in NATS servers.</p>
|
|
<p>This is <strong>zero configuration disaster recovery</strong>.</p>
|
|
<h3 id="leaf-nodes"><a name="leaf-nodes" class="plugin-anchor" href="#leaf-nodes"><i class="fa fa-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a>Leaf Nodes</h3>
|
|
<p>Leaf nodes are NATS servers running in a special configuration, allowing
|
|
hub and spoke topologies to extend superclusters.</p>
|
|
<p>Leaf nodes can also bridge separate security domains. e.g. IoT, mobile, web.
|
|
They are ideal for edge computing, IoT hubs, or data centers that need to be
|
|
connected to a global NATS deployment. Local applications that communicate
|
|
using the loopback interface with physical VM or Container security can
|
|
leverage leaf nodes as well.</p>
|
|
<p>Leaf nodes:</p>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li>Transparently and securely bind to a remote NATS account</li>
|
|
<li>Securely bridge specific local data to a wider NATS deployment</li>
|
|
<li>Are 100% transparent to clients which remain simple, lightweight, and easy to develop</li>
|
|
<li>Allow for a local security scheme while using new NATS security features globally</li>
|
|
<li>Can create a DMZ between a local NATS deployment and external NATS cluster or supercluster.</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
<h2 id="decentralized-security"><a name="decentralized-security" class="plugin-anchor" href="#decentralized-security"><i class="fa fa-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a>Decentralized Security</h2>
|
|
<h3 id="operators-accounts-and-users"><a name="operators-accounts-and-users" class="plugin-anchor" href="#operators-accounts-and-users"><i class="fa fa-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a>Operators, Accounts, and Users</h3>
|
|
<p>NATS 2.0 Security consists of defining Operators, Accounts, and Users
|
|
within a NATS deployment.</p>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li>An <strong>Operator</strong> provides the root of trust for the system, may represent
|
|
a company or enterprise<ul>
|
|
<li>Creates <strong>Accounts</strong> for account administrators. An account represents
|
|
an organization, business unit, or service offering with a secure context
|
|
within the NATS deployment, for example an IT system monitoring group, a
|
|
set of microservices, or a regional IoT deployment. Account creation
|
|
would likely be managed by a central group.</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li><strong>Accounts</strong> define limits and may securely expose services and streams.<ul>
|
|
<li>Account managers create <strong>Users</strong> with permissions</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li><strong>Users</strong> have specific credentials and permissions.</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
<h3 id="trust-chain"><a name="trust-chain" class="plugin-anchor" href="#trust-chain"><i class="fa fa-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a>Trust Chain</h3>
|
|
<p>PKI (NKeys encoded <a href="https://ed25519.cr.yp.to/" target="_blank">Ed25519</a>) and signed JWTs
|
|
create a hierarchy of Operators, Accounts, and Users creating a scalable
|
|
and flexible distributed security mechanism.</p>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li><strong>Operators</strong> are represented by a self signed JWT and is the only thing that
|
|
is required to be configured in the server. This JWT is usually signed by a
|
|
master key that is kept offline. The JWT will contain valid signing keys that
|
|
can be revoked with the master updating this JWT.<ul>
|
|
<li>Operators will sign <strong>Account</strong> JWTs with various signing keys.</li>
|
|
<li><strong>Accounts</strong> sign <strong>User</strong> JWTs, again with various signing keys.</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>Clients or leaf nodes present <strong>User</strong> credentials and a signed nonce when connecting.<ul>
|
|
<li>The server uses resolvers to obtain JWTs and verify the client trust chain.</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
<p>This allows for rapid change of permissions, authentication and limits, to a
|
|
secure multi-tenant NATS system.</p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</section>
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
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<div class="has-results">
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<h1 class="search-results-title"><span class='search-results-count'></span> results matching "<span class='search-query'></span>"</h1>
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